TY - JOUR
T1 - 5G uniform linear arrays with beamforming and spatial multiplexing at 28, 37, 64, and 71 GHz for outdoor urban communication
T2 - A two-level approach
AU - Lota, Jaswinder
AU - Sun, Shu
AU - Rappaport, Theodore S.
AU - Demosthenous, Andreas
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received March 16, 2017; revised July 10, 2017 and August 10, 2017; accepted August 13, 2017. Date of publication August 17, 2017; date of current version November 10, 2017. This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant EP/K031953/1. The review of this paper was coordinated by Dr. L. Dai. (Corresponding author: Jaswinder Lota.) J. Lota is with the University of East London, London E16 2RD, U.K. and is an honorary faculty member with the Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1967-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2017/11
Y1 - 2017/11
N2 - Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing and beamforming are regarded as key technology enablers for the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) mobile radio services. Spatial multiplexing requires sufficiently separated and incoherent antenna array elements, while in the case of beamforming, the antenna array elements need to be coherent and closely spaced. Extensive 28-, 60-, and 73-GHz ultra-wideband propagation measurements in cities of New York City and Austin have indicated formation of two or more spatial lobes for the angles-of-departure and angles-of-arrival even for line-of-sight (LOS) transmission, which is an advantageous feature of mmWave channels, indicating that the transmitting and receiving array antenna elements can be co-located, thus enabling a single architecture for both spatial multiplexing and beamforming. In this paper, a two-level beamforming architecture for uniform linear arrays is proposed that leverages the formation of these spatial lobes. The antenna array is composed of sub-arrays, and the impact of sub-array spacing on the spectral efficiency is investigated through simulations using a channel simulator named NYUSIM developed based on extensive measured data at mmWave frequencies. Simulation results indicate spectral efficiencies of 18.5-28.1 bits/s/Hz with a sub-array spacing of 16 wavelengths for an outdoor mmWave urban LOS channel. The spectral efficiencies obtained are for single-user (SU) MIMO transmission at the recently allocated 5G carrier frequencies in July 2016. The method and results in this paper are useful for designing antenna array architectures for 5G wireless systems.
AB - Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing and beamforming are regarded as key technology enablers for the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) mobile radio services. Spatial multiplexing requires sufficiently separated and incoherent antenna array elements, while in the case of beamforming, the antenna array elements need to be coherent and closely spaced. Extensive 28-, 60-, and 73-GHz ultra-wideband propagation measurements in cities of New York City and Austin have indicated formation of two or more spatial lobes for the angles-of-departure and angles-of-arrival even for line-of-sight (LOS) transmission, which is an advantageous feature of mmWave channels, indicating that the transmitting and receiving array antenna elements can be co-located, thus enabling a single architecture for both spatial multiplexing and beamforming. In this paper, a two-level beamforming architecture for uniform linear arrays is proposed that leverages the formation of these spatial lobes. The antenna array is composed of sub-arrays, and the impact of sub-array spacing on the spectral efficiency is investigated through simulations using a channel simulator named NYUSIM developed based on extensive measured data at mmWave frequencies. Simulation results indicate spectral efficiencies of 18.5-28.1 bits/s/Hz with a sub-array spacing of 16 wavelengths for an outdoor mmWave urban LOS channel. The spectral efficiencies obtained are for single-user (SU) MIMO transmission at the recently allocated 5G carrier frequencies in July 2016. The method and results in this paper are useful for designing antenna array architectures for 5G wireless systems.
KW - 5G
KW - SU-MIMO
KW - arrays
KW - beamforming
KW - mmWave
KW - spatial multiplexing
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U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2017.2741260
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2017.2741260
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85028458994
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 66
SP - 9972
EP - 9985
JO - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 11
M1 - 8012543
ER -