8.30 Spectroscopic Analysis: Chiroptical Sensors

Chiroptical sensors have been designed that detect a multitude of different analytes with a high level of sensitivity. A wide range of scaffolds have been used that respond to metals, small molecules, anions, and other analytes. Not only have chiroptical systems been used to detect the presence of analytes but also other properties such as oxidation state and other physical phenomena that influence the helicity and conformation of molecules and materials. The primary mode of detection for the reviewed chiroptical sensors is circular dichroism, but other techniques have been explored recently. Recently, high-throughput screening methods have been used to evaluate sensors for the determination of enantiomeric excess. With the development of solid-state chiroptical sensors still at early stages of development, this review mainly covers liquid-based techniques.