@article{1cd20fc74e1a404cbebbcf11f62f3b5e,
title = "A cocaine high-risk situations questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties",
abstract = "Although high-risk situations have been identified for alcoholism, opiate abuse, and smoking, further research is needed to identify high-risk situations for cocaine abuse. A 233-item Cocaine High-Risk Situations Survey was developed based on a comprehensive literature review and was administered to 179 cocaine users in treatment. Situations that occurred infrequently or that were not often associated with cocaine use were eliminated and the remaining 89 items were factor analyzed using half the sample with confirmatory factor analysis on the remainder of the sample. Only one factor was found for frequency of cocaine use in these situations. The 21 items with high factor loadings and a diverse range of content were retained for subsequent analyses and renamed the Cocaine High-Risk Situations Questionnaire (CHRSQ). Reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of this scale were demonstrated. Frequency of alcohol use in the same situations was not significantly related to cocaine use and abuse, supporting discriminant validity. The findings suggest that the frequency of ongoing cocaine use is not determined by specific situations. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.",
author = "Elizabeth Michalec and Zwick, {William R.} and Monti, {Peter M.} and Rohsenow, {Damaris J.} and Selene Varney and Niaura, {Raymond S.} and Abrams, {David B.}",
note = "Funding Information: Although high-risk situations have been identified for alcoholism, opiate abuse, and smoking, further research is needed to identify high-risk situations for cocaine abuse. A 23%item Cocaine High-Risk Situations Survey was developed based on a comprehensive literature review and was administered to 179 cocaine users in treatment. Situations that occurred infrequently or that were not often associated with cocaine use were eliminated and the remaining 89 items were factor analyzed using half the sample with confirmatory factor analysis on the remainder of the sample. Only one factor was found for frequency of cocaine use in these situations. The 2 1 This research was supported by grant DA04859 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and by a VA Merit Review grant, hence it is in the public domain. We are grateful to the staff of the Good Hope Center in West Greenwich, RI, for their assistance, and to Mark Myers and Anna Rose Childress for their helpful comments. Portions of this article were presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New York, November, 1991. Correspondence and requests reprints should be sent to Damaris J. Rohsenow, Alcohol and Addiction Studies, University, Box GBH, Providence, RI 02912.",
year = "1992",
doi = "10.1016/0899-3289(92)90044-X",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "4",
pages = "377--391",
journal = "Journal of substance abuse",
issn = "0899-3289",
publisher = "Ablex Pub. Corp",
number = "4",
}