TY - JOUR
T1 - A comparison of theoretical and empirical reflection coefficients for typical exterior wall surfaces in a mobile radio environment
AU - Landron, Orlando
AU - Feuerstein, Martin J.
AU - Rappaport, Theodore S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received March 22, 1995. This work was supported by DARPAESTO and the MPRG Industrial Affiliates Program at Virginia Tech. 0. Landron is with AT&T Bell Laboratones, Wireless Communications Systems Engineering, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. M Feuerstein is with AT&T Bell Laboratories, Radio Technology Performance Group, Whlppany, NJ 07981 USA. T. S. Rappaport is with the Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group (MPRG), Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Publisher Item Identifier S 0018-926X(96)01818-2.
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - This paper presents microwave reflection coefficient measurements at 1.9 GHz and 4.0 GHz for a variety of typical smooth and rough exterior building surfaces. The measured test surfaces include walls composed of limestone blocks, glass, and brick. Reflection coefficients were measured by resolving individual reflected signal components temporally and spatially, using a spread-spectrum sliding correlation system with directional antennas. Measured reflection coefficients are compared to theoretical Fresnel reflection coefficients, applying Gaussian rough surface scattering corrections where applicable. Comparisons of theoretical calculations and measured test cases reveal that Fresnel reflection coefficients adequately predict the reflective properties of the glass and brick wall surfaces. The rough limestone block wall reflection measurements are shown to be bounded by the predictions using the Fresnel reflection coefficients for a smooth surface and the modified reflection coefficients using the Gaussian rough surface correction factors. A simple, but effective, reflection model for rough surfaces is proposed, which is in good agreement with propagation measurements at 1.9 GHz and 4 GHz for both vertical and horizontal antenna polarizations. These reflection coefficient models can be directly applied to the estimation of multipath signal strength in ray tracing algorithms for propagation prediction.
AB - This paper presents microwave reflection coefficient measurements at 1.9 GHz and 4.0 GHz for a variety of typical smooth and rough exterior building surfaces. The measured test surfaces include walls composed of limestone blocks, glass, and brick. Reflection coefficients were measured by resolving individual reflected signal components temporally and spatially, using a spread-spectrum sliding correlation system with directional antennas. Measured reflection coefficients are compared to theoretical Fresnel reflection coefficients, applying Gaussian rough surface scattering corrections where applicable. Comparisons of theoretical calculations and measured test cases reveal that Fresnel reflection coefficients adequately predict the reflective properties of the glass and brick wall surfaces. The rough limestone block wall reflection measurements are shown to be bounded by the predictions using the Fresnel reflection coefficients for a smooth surface and the modified reflection coefficients using the Gaussian rough surface correction factors. A simple, but effective, reflection model for rough surfaces is proposed, which is in good agreement with propagation measurements at 1.9 GHz and 4 GHz for both vertical and horizontal antenna polarizations. These reflection coefficient models can be directly applied to the estimation of multipath signal strength in ray tracing algorithms for propagation prediction.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030106846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030106846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/8.486303
DO - 10.1109/8.486303
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0030106846
SN - 0018-926X
VL - 44
SP - 341
EP - 351
JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
IS - 3
ER -