TY - JOUR
T1 - A Fully Integrated RF-Powered Energy-Replenishing Current-Controlled Stimulator
AU - Ha, Sohmyung
AU - Kim, Chul
AU - Park, Jiwoong
AU - Cauwenberghs, Gert
AU - Mercier, Patrick P.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received August 16, 2018; revised September 30, 2018; accepted October 31, 2018. Date of publication November 16, 2018; date of current version January 25, 2019. This work was supported in part by the University of California (UC) Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives and in part by the UC San Diego Center for Brain Activity Mapping. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor L. Chan. (Corresponding author: Sohmyung Ha.) S. Ha was with the University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0021 USA. He is now with New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, UAE, and also with the New York University, Brooklyn, NY 10012 USA (e-mail:,[email protected]).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2007-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - This paper presents a fully-integrated current-controlled stimulator that is powered directly from on-chip coil antenna and achieves adiabatic energy-replenishing operation without any bulky external components. Adiabatic supply voltages, which can reach a differential range of up to 7.2 V, are directly generated from an on-chip 190-MHz resonant LC tank via a self-cascading/folding rectifier network, bypassing the losses that would otherwise be introduced by the 0.8 V system supply-generating rectifier and regulator. The stimulator occupies 0.22 mm2 in a 180 nm silicon-on-insulator process and produces differential currents up to 145 \muA. Using a charge replenishing scheme, the stimulator redirects the charges accumulated across the electrodes to the system power supplies for 63.1% of stimulation energy recycling. To benchmark the efficiency of stimulation, a figure of merit termed the stimulator efficiency factor (SEF) is introduced. The adiabatic power rails and energy replenishment scheme enabled our stimulator to achieve an SEF of 6.0.
AB - This paper presents a fully-integrated current-controlled stimulator that is powered directly from on-chip coil antenna and achieves adiabatic energy-replenishing operation without any bulky external components. Adiabatic supply voltages, which can reach a differential range of up to 7.2 V, are directly generated from an on-chip 190-MHz resonant LC tank via a self-cascading/folding rectifier network, bypassing the losses that would otherwise be introduced by the 0.8 V system supply-generating rectifier and regulator. The stimulator occupies 0.22 mm2 in a 180 nm silicon-on-insulator process and produces differential currents up to 145 \muA. Using a charge replenishing scheme, the stimulator redirects the charges accumulated across the electrodes to the system power supplies for 63.1% of stimulation energy recycling. To benchmark the efficiency of stimulation, a figure of merit termed the stimulator efficiency factor (SEF) is introduced. The adiabatic power rails and energy replenishment scheme enabled our stimulator to achieve an SEF of 6.0.
KW - Adiabatic stimulation
KW - brain initiative
KW - electrocorticography
KW - neural stimulation
KW - neural technology
KW - neuromodulation
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U2 - 10.1109/TBCAS.2018.2881800
DO - 10.1109/TBCAS.2018.2881800
M3 - Article
C2 - 30452378
AN - SCOPUS:85056699450
SN - 1932-4545
VL - 13
SP - 191
EP - 202
JO - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
JF - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
IS - 1
M1 - 8537908
ER -