A missing-link in the supernova-GRB connection: The case of SN 2012ap

Sayan Chakraborti; Alicia Soderberg; Laura Chomiuk; Atish Kamble; Naveen Yadav; Alak Ray; Kevin Hurley; Raffaella Margutti; Dan Milisavljevic; Michael Bietenholz; Andreas Brunthaler; Giuliano Pignata; Elena Pian; Paolo Mazzali; Claes Fransson; Norbert Bartel; Mario Hamuy; Emily Levesque; Andrew Macfadyen; Jason Dittmann; Miriam Krauss; M. S. Briggs; V. Connaughton; K. Yamaoka; T. Takahashi; M. Ohno; Y. Fukazawa; M. Tashiro; Y. Terada; T. Murakami; J. Goldsten; S. Barthelmy; N. Gehrels; J. Cummings; H. Krimm; D. Palmer; S. Golenetskii; R. Aptekar; D. Frederiks; D. Svinkin; T. Cline; I. G. Mitrofanov; D. Golovin; M. L. Litvak; A. B. Sanin; W. Boynton; C. Fellows; K. Harshman; H. Enos; A. Von Kienlin; A. Rau; X. Zhang; V. Savchenko

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/187

A missing-link in the supernova-GRB connection: The case of SN 2012ap

Sayan Chakraborti, Alicia Soderberg, Laura Chomiuk, Atish Kamble, Naveen Yadav, Alak Ray, Kevin Hurley, Raffaella Margutti, Dan Milisavljevic, Michael Bietenholz, Andreas Brunthaler, Giuliano Pignata, Elena Pian, Paolo Mazzali, Claes Fransson, Norbert Bartel, Mario Hamuy, Emily Levesque, Andrew Macfadyen, Jason DittmannMiriam Krauss, M. S. Briggs, V. Connaughton, K. Yamaoka, T. Takahashi, M. Ohno, Y. Fukazawa, M. Tashiro, Y. Terada, T. Murakami, J. Goldsten, S. Barthelmy, N. Gehrels, J. Cummings, H. Krimm, D. Palmer, S. Golenetskii, R. Aptekar, D. Frederiks, D. Svinkin, T. Cline, I. G. Mitrofanov, D. Golovin, M. L. Litvak, A. B. Sanin, W. Boynton, C. Fellows, K. Harshman, H. Enos, A. Von Kienlin, A. Rau, X. Zhang, V. Savchenko

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are characterized by ultra-relativistic outflows, while supernovae are generally characterized by non-relativistic ejecta. GRB afterglows decelerate rapidly, usually within days, because their low-mass ejecta rapidly sweep up a comparatively larger mass of circumstellar material. However, supernovae with heavy ejecta can be in nearly free expansion for centuries. Supernovae were thought to have non-relativistic outflows except for a few relativistic ones accompanied by GRBs. This clear division was blurred by SN 2009bb, the first supernova with a relativistic outflow without an observed GRB. However, the ejecta from SN 2009bb was baryon loaded and in nearly free expansion for a year, unlike GRBs. We report the first supernova discovered without a GRB but with rapidly decelerating mildly relativistic ejecta, SN 2012ap. We discovered a bright and rapidly evolving radio counterpart driven by the circumstellar interaction of the relativistic ejecta. However, we did not find any coincident GRB with an isotropic fluence of more than one-sixth of the fluence from GRB 980425. This shows for the first time that central engines in SNe Ic, even without an observed GRB, can produce both relativistic and rapidly decelerating outflows like GRBs.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	187
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	805
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/187
State	Published - Jun 1 2015

Keywords

gamma-ray burst: general
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
shock waves
supernovae: individual (SN 2012ap)
techniques: interferometric

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/187

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Chakraborti, S., Soderberg, A., Chomiuk, L., Kamble, A., Yadav, N., Ray, A., Hurley, K., Margutti, R., Milisavljevic, D., Bietenholz, M., Brunthaler, A., Pignata, G., Pian, E., Mazzali, P., Fransson, C., Bartel, N., Hamuy, M., Levesque, E., Macfadyen, A., ... Savchenko, V. (2015). A missing-link in the supernova-GRB connection: The case of SN 2012ap. Astrophysical Journal, 805(2), Article 187. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/187

Chakraborti, S, Soderberg, A, Chomiuk, L, Kamble, A, Yadav, N, Ray, A, Hurley, K, Margutti, R, Milisavljevic, D, Bietenholz, M, Brunthaler, A, Pignata, G, Pian, E, Mazzali, P, Fransson, C, Bartel, N, Hamuy, M, Levesque, E, Macfadyen, A, Dittmann, J, Krauss, M, Briggs, MS, Connaughton, V, Yamaoka, K, Takahashi, T, Ohno, M, Fukazawa, Y, Tashiro, M, Terada, Y, Murakami, T, Goldsten, J, Barthelmy, S, Gehrels, N, Cummings, J, Krimm, H, Palmer, D, Golenetskii, S, Aptekar, R, Frederiks, D, Svinkin, D, Cline, T, Mitrofanov, IG, Golovin, D, Litvak, ML, Sanin, AB, Boynton, W, Fellows, C, Harshman, K, Enos, H, Kienlin, AV, Rau, A, Zhang, X & Savchenko, V 2015, 'A missing-link in the supernova-GRB connection: The case of SN 2012ap', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 805, no. 2, 187. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/187

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title = "A missing-link in the supernova-GRB connection: The case of SN 2012ap",

abstract = "Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are characterized by ultra-relativistic outflows, while supernovae are generally characterized by non-relativistic ejecta. GRB afterglows decelerate rapidly, usually within days, because their low-mass ejecta rapidly sweep up a comparatively larger mass of circumstellar material. However, supernovae with heavy ejecta can be in nearly free expansion for centuries. Supernovae were thought to have non-relativistic outflows except for a few relativistic ones accompanied by GRBs. This clear division was blurred by SN 2009bb, the first supernova with a relativistic outflow without an observed GRB. However, the ejecta from SN 2009bb was baryon loaded and in nearly free expansion for a year, unlike GRBs. We report the first supernova discovered without a GRB but with rapidly decelerating mildly relativistic ejecta, SN 2012ap. We discovered a bright and rapidly evolving radio counterpart driven by the circumstellar interaction of the relativistic ejecta. However, we did not find any coincident GRB with an isotropic fluence of more than one-sixth of the fluence from GRB 980425. This shows for the first time that central engines in SNe Ic, even without an observed GRB, can produce both relativistic and rapidly decelerating outflows like GRBs.",

keywords = "gamma-ray burst: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, shock waves, supernovae: individual (SN 2012ap), techniques: interferometric",

author = "Sayan Chakraborti and Alicia Soderberg and Laura Chomiuk and Atish Kamble and Naveen Yadav and Alak Ray and Kevin Hurley and Raffaella Margutti and Dan Milisavljevic and Michael Bietenholz and Andreas Brunthaler and Giuliano Pignata and Elena Pian and Paolo Mazzali and Claes Fransson and Norbert Bartel and Mario Hamuy and Emily Levesque and Andrew Macfadyen and Jason Dittmann and Miriam Krauss and Briggs, {M. S.} and V. Connaughton and K. Yamaoka and T. Takahashi and M. Ohno and Y. Fukazawa and M. Tashiro and Y. Terada and T. Murakami and J. Goldsten and S. Barthelmy and N. Gehrels and J. Cummings and H. Krimm and D. Palmer and S. Golenetskii and R. Aptekar and D. Frederiks and D. Svinkin and T. Cline and Mitrofanov, {I. G.} and D. Golovin and Litvak, {M. L.} and Sanin, {A. B.} and W. Boynton and C. Fellows and K. Harshman and H. Enos and Kienlin, {A. Von} and A. Rau and X. Zhang and V. Savchenko",

year = "2015",

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doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/187",

language = "English (US)",

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journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

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T1 - A missing-link in the supernova-GRB connection

T2 - The case of SN 2012ap

AU - Chakraborti, Sayan

AU - Soderberg, Alicia

AU - Chomiuk, Laura

AU - Kamble, Atish

AU - Yadav, Naveen

AU - Ray, Alak

AU - Hurley, Kevin

AU - Margutti, Raffaella

AU - Milisavljevic, Dan

AU - Bietenholz, Michael

AU - Brunthaler, Andreas

AU - Pignata, Giuliano

AU - Pian, Elena

AU - Mazzali, Paolo

AU - Fransson, Claes

AU - Bartel, Norbert

AU - Hamuy, Mario

AU - Levesque, Emily

AU - Macfadyen, Andrew

AU - Dittmann, Jason

AU - Krauss, Miriam

AU - Briggs, M. S.

AU - Connaughton, V.

AU - Yamaoka, K.

AU - Takahashi, T.

AU - Ohno, M.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Tashiro, M.

AU - Terada, Y.

AU - Murakami, T.

AU - Goldsten, J.

AU - Barthelmy, S.

AU - Gehrels, N.

AU - Cummings, J.

AU - Krimm, H.

AU - Palmer, D.

AU - Golenetskii, S.

AU - Aptekar, R.

AU - Frederiks, D.

AU - Svinkin, D.

AU - Cline, T.

AU - Mitrofanov, I. G.

AU - Golovin, D.

AU - Litvak, M. L.

AU - Sanin, A. B.

AU - Boynton, W.

AU - Fellows, C.

AU - Harshman, K.

AU - Enos, H.

AU - Kienlin, A. Von

AU - Rau, A.

AU - Zhang, X.

AU - Savchenko, V.

PY - 2015/6/1

Y1 - 2015/6/1

N2 - Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are characterized by ultra-relativistic outflows, while supernovae are generally characterized by non-relativistic ejecta. GRB afterglows decelerate rapidly, usually within days, because their low-mass ejecta rapidly sweep up a comparatively larger mass of circumstellar material. However, supernovae with heavy ejecta can be in nearly free expansion for centuries. Supernovae were thought to have non-relativistic outflows except for a few relativistic ones accompanied by GRBs. This clear division was blurred by SN 2009bb, the first supernova with a relativistic outflow without an observed GRB. However, the ejecta from SN 2009bb was baryon loaded and in nearly free expansion for a year, unlike GRBs. We report the first supernova discovered without a GRB but with rapidly decelerating mildly relativistic ejecta, SN 2012ap. We discovered a bright and rapidly evolving radio counterpart driven by the circumstellar interaction of the relativistic ejecta. However, we did not find any coincident GRB with an isotropic fluence of more than one-sixth of the fluence from GRB 980425. This shows for the first time that central engines in SNe Ic, even without an observed GRB, can produce both relativistic and rapidly decelerating outflows like GRBs.

AB - Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are characterized by ultra-relativistic outflows, while supernovae are generally characterized by non-relativistic ejecta. GRB afterglows decelerate rapidly, usually within days, because their low-mass ejecta rapidly sweep up a comparatively larger mass of circumstellar material. However, supernovae with heavy ejecta can be in nearly free expansion for centuries. Supernovae were thought to have non-relativistic outflows except for a few relativistic ones accompanied by GRBs. This clear division was blurred by SN 2009bb, the first supernova with a relativistic outflow without an observed GRB. However, the ejecta from SN 2009bb was baryon loaded and in nearly free expansion for a year, unlike GRBs. We report the first supernova discovered without a GRB but with rapidly decelerating mildly relativistic ejecta, SN 2012ap. We discovered a bright and rapidly evolving radio counterpart driven by the circumstellar interaction of the relativistic ejecta. However, we did not find any coincident GRB with an isotropic fluence of more than one-sixth of the fluence from GRB 980425. This shows for the first time that central engines in SNe Ic, even without an observed GRB, can produce both relativistic and rapidly decelerating outflows like GRBs.

KW - gamma-ray burst: general

KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

KW - shock waves

KW - supernovae: individual (SN 2012ap)

KW - techniques: interferometric

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DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/187

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JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

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ER -

A missing-link in the supernova-GRB connection: The case of SN 2012ap

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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