A Peptidomimetic Approach to Targeting Pre-amyloidogenic States in Type II Diabetes

Protein fiber formation is associated with diseases ranging from Alzheimer's to type II diabetes. For many systems, including islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) from type II diabetes, fibrillogenesis can be catalyzed by lipid bilayers. Paradoxically, amyloid fibers are β sheet rich while membrane-stabilized states are α-helical. Here, a small molecule α helix mimetic, IS5, is shown to inhibit bilayer catalysis of fibrillogenesis and to rescue IAPP-induced toxicity in cell culture. Importantly, IAPP:IS5 interactions localize to the putative α-helical region of IAPP, revealing that α-helical states are on pathway to fiber formation. IAPP is not normally amyloidogenic as its cosecreted partner, insulin, prevents self-assembly. Here, we show that IS5 inhibition is synergistic with insulin. IS5 therefore represents a new approach to amyloid inhibition as the target is an assembly intermediate that may additionally restore functional IAPP expression.