Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of smoking cessation treatment is limited in real-world use, perhaps because we have not selected the components of such treatments optimally nor have treatments typically been developed for and evaluated in real-world clinical settings.
Purpose: To validate an optimized smoking cessation treatment package that comprises intervention components identified as effective in factorial screening experiments conducted as per the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST).
Methods: Adult smokers motivated to quit were recruited from primary care clinics (N = 623). Participants were randomized to receive either recommended usual care (R-UC; 10 min of in-person counseling, 8 weeks of nicotine patch, and referral to quitline services) or abstinence-optimized treatment (A-OT; 3 weeks of prequit mini-lozenges, 26 weeks of nicotine patch + mini-lozenges, three in-person and eight phone counseling sessions, and 7-11 automated calls to prompt medication use). The key outcomes were self-reported and biochemically confirmed (carbon monoxide, CO <6 ppm) 7-day point-prevalence abstinence.
Results: A-OT participants had significantly higher self-reported abstinence rates than R-UC participants at 4, 8, 16, and 26 weeks (ORs: 1.91-3.05; p <. 001). The biochemically confirmed 26-week abstinence rates were lower than the self-reported 26-week rates, but revealed a similar treatment effect size (OR = 2.94, p < .001). There was no moderation of treatment effects on 26-week abstinence by demographic, psychiatric, or nicotine dependence variables. A-OT had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for 26-week CO-confirmed abstinence of $7,800.
Conclusions: A smoking cessation treatment that is optimized via MOST development meaningfully enhances cessation rates beyond R-UC smoking treatment in smokers seen in primary care.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02301403.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 854-864 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Annals of Behavioral Medicine |
Volume | 52 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 13 2018 |
Keywords
- Combination nicotine replacement
- Multiphase optimization strategy
- Primary care
- Randomized controlled trial
- Smoking cessation
- Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care
- Cigarette Smoking/therapy
- Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Male
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Counseling/methods
- Smoking Cessation/methods
- Adult
- Female
- Primary Health Care/methods
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- General Psychology