A stochastic model of traffic flow: Gaussian approximation and estimation

Saif Eddin Jabari, Henry X. Liu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

A Gaussian approximation of the stochastic traffic flow model of Jabari and Liu (2012) is proposed. The Gaussian approximation is characterized by deterministic mean and covariance dynamics; the mean dynamics are those of the Godunov scheme. By deriving the Gaussian model, as opposed to assuming Gaussian noise arbitrarily, covariance matrices of traffic variables follow from the physics of traffic flow and can be computed using only few parameters, regardless of system size or how finely the system is discretized. Stationary behavior of the covariance dynamics is analyzed and it is shown that the covariance matrices are bounded. Consequently, Kalman filters that use the proposed model are stochastically observable, which is a critical issue in real time estimation of traffic dynamics. Model validation was carried out in a real-world signalized arterial setting, where cycle-by-cycle maximum queue sizes were estimated using the Gaussian model as a description of state dynamics. The estimated queue sizes were compared to observed maximum queue sizes and the results indicate very good agreement between estimated and observed queue sizes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)15-41
Number of pages27
JournalTransportation Research Part B: Methodological
Volume47
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2013

Keywords

  • Gaussian approximation
  • Macroscopic traffic flow
  • Observability
  • Queueing processes
  • Stochastic traffic flow
  • Traffic state estimation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Civil and Structural Engineering
  • Transportation

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