A TWO-STEP FEATURE EXTRACTION ALGORITHM: APPLICATION TO DEEP LEARNING FOR POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION

A. Nurunnabi, F. N. Teferle, D. F. Laefer, R. C. Lindenbergh, A. Hunegnaw

Research output: Contribution to journalConference articlepeer-review

Abstract

Most deep learning (DL) methods that are not end-to-end use several multi-scale and multi-type hand-crafted features that make the network challenging, more computationally intensive and vulnerable to overfitting. Furthermore, reliance on empirically-based feature dimensionality reduction may lead to misclassification. In contrast, efficient feature management can reduce storage and computational complexities, builds better classifiers, and improves overall performance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known dimension reduction technique that has been used for feature extraction. This paper presents a two-step PCA based feature extraction algorithm that employs a variant of feature-based PointNet (Qi et al., 2017a) for point cloud classification. This paper extends the PointNet framework for use on large-scale aerial LiDAR data, and contributes by (i) developing a new feature extraction algorithm, (ii) exploring the impact of dimensionality reduction in feature extraction, and (iii) introducing a non-end-to-end PointNet variant for per point classification in point clouds. This is demonstrated on aerial laser scanning (ALS) point clouds. The algorithm successfully reduces the dimension of the feature space without sacrificing performance, as benchmarked against the original PointNet algorithm. When tested on the well-known Vaihingen data set, the proposed algorithm achieves an Overall Accuracy (OA) of 74.64% by using 9 input vectors and 14 shape features, whereas with the same 9 input vectors and only 5PCs (principal components built by the 14 shape features) it actually achieves a higher OA of 75.36% which demonstrates the effect of efficient dimensionality reduction.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)401-408
Number of pages8
JournalInternational Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives
Volume46
Issue number2/W1-2022
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 25 2022
Event9th International Workshop on 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, 3D-ARCH 2022 - Mantua, Italy
Duration: Mar 2 2022Mar 4 2022

Keywords

  • Dimension Reduction
  • Feature Selection
  • LiDAR
  • Machine Learning
  • Neural Network
  • PCA
  • Semantic Segmentation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Information Systems
  • Geography, Planning and Development

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