@article{73337d9d69074017a38b6a4b3f1eb5bf,
title = "Accuracy of self-reported smoking abstinence in clinical trials of hospital-initiated smoking interventions",
abstract = "Aims: To estimate the prevalence and predictors of failed biochemical verification of self-reported abstinence among participants enrolled in trials of hospital-initiated smoking cessation interventions. Design: Comparison of characteristics between participants who verified and those who failed to verify self-reported abstinence. Settings: Multi-site randomized clinical trials conducted between 2010 and 2014 in hospitals throughout the United States. Participants: Recently hospitalized smokers who reported tobacco abstinence 6 months post-randomization and provided a saliva sample for verification purposes (n = 822). Measurements: Outcomes were salivary cotinine-verified smoking abstinence at 10 and 15 ng/ml cut-points. Predictors and correlates included participant demographics and tobacco use; hospital diagnoses and treatment; and study characteristics collected via surveys and electronic medical records. Findings: Usable samples were returned by 69.8% of the 1178 eligible trial participants who reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence. The proportion of participants verified as quit was 57.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.4, 61.2; 10 ng/ml cut-off] or 60.6% (95% CI = 57.2, 63.9; 15 ng/ml). Factors associated independently with verification at 10 ng/ml were education beyond high school education [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.11], continuous abstinence since hospitalization (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 2.02, 3.94), mailed versus in-person sample (OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.96, 5.21) and race. African American participants were less likely to verify abstinence than white participants (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.93). Findings were similar for verification at 15 ng/ml. Verification rates did not differ by treatment group. Conclusions: In the United States, high rates (40%) of recently hospitalized smokers enrolled in smoking cessation trials fail biochemical verification of their self-reported abstinence.",
keywords = "Biochemical verification, hospital patients, saliva cotinine, self-report, smoking cessation, trials",
author = "{the Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART)} and Scheuermann, {Taneisha S.} and Richter, {Kimber P.} and Rigotti, {Nancy A.} and Cummins, {Sharon E.} and Harrington, {Kathleen F.} and Sherman, {Scott E.} and Zhu, {Shu Hong} and Tindle, {Hilary A.} and Preacher, {Kristopher J.}",
note = "Funding Information: The design is a cross-sectional descriptive study comparing the characteristics of participants who verified and those who failed to verify self-reported abstinence. Five of the eight CHART trials participated in this substudy. CHART was funded jointly by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institute on Drug Abuse and NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research. CHART researchers collaboratively created a set of core baseline measures and follow-up assessments. CHART trials used similar eligibility criteria. Each trial compared a post-discharge intervention to usual care. The interventions included a web-based program [14], interactive voice-response (IVR) support [15], staff-provided counseling [16], quitline counseling [17,18] and provision of nicotine patches [18]. Funding Information: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants RC1HL099668 (NAR), U01DA031515 (KFH), U01CA159533 (SHZ), U01HL105232 (KPR) and U01HL105229 (SES). The Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART) was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences (OBSSR) by cooperative agreements to a research coordinating unit (Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Principal Investigator: Victor Stevens PhD, U01HL52333) and six research projects (New York University School of Medicine, Principal Investigator: Scott Sherman MD, U01HL105229; University of California San Diego, Principal Investigator: Shu-Hong Zhu PhD, U01CA 159533; University of Kansas Medical Center, Principal Investigator: Richter PhD, U01HL105232;University of Alabama Birmingham, Principal Investigator: William Bailey MD, U01DA031515;University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Principal Investigator: Sonia Duffy PhD, U01HL105218; Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Fellows PhD, U01HL105231). An additional project (Massachusetts General Hospital, Principal Investigator: Nancy Rigotti MD, Co-Investigator: Hilary Tindle MD, MPH, RC1HL099668) has been included in the consortium. NIH Project Scientists on this project have included Lawton Cooper MD, Sarah Duffy PhD, Debra Grossman PhD, Glen Morgan PhD, William Riley PhD, Catherine (Kate) Stoney PhD and Xin Tian PhD. We would like to thank the hospital and research staff who contributed to the development and implementation of these trials and the patients who participated. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Society for the Study of Addiction",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1111/add.13913",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "112",
pages = "2227--2236",
journal = "Addiction",
issn = "0965-2140",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "12",
}