Adherence to Diet and Meal Timing in a Randomized Controlled Feeding Study of Time‐Restricted Feeding

Beiwen Wu, Karen White, May Thu Thu Maw, Jeanne Charleston, Di Zhao, Eliseo Guallar, Lawrence J. Appel, Jeanne M. Clark, Nisa M. Maruthur, Scott J. Pilla

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Adherence is critical in feeding studies to determine the efficacy of dietary interventions. This time‐restricted intake of meals (TRIM) investigation was a controlled feeding study that randomized 41 participants to follow 12 weeks of time‐restricted feeding (TRF) or a usual feeding pattern (UFP). Adherence was optimized through careful screening and participant orientation, flexibility in beverages and seasonings, and frequent contact between participants and staff. Adherence was measured daily using a self‐administered diary form. We calculated the percentage of participant‐days with perfect adherence to meal timing (ate all meals within their designated time window) and to food consumption (ate all study food and no non‐study food). Adherence was compared between study arms, days of the week, and weeks of the study period using generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression. There was perfect adherence to meal timing on 87% of participant‐days and to food consumption on 94% of participant-days, with no significant difference by arm. In UFP, but not TRF, participants had lower adherence to meal timing over the weekend (p‐value = 0.002) and during the first two weeks of intervention (p‐value = 0.03). A controlled feeding study randomizing free‐living individuals to different meal timings achieved a high degree of adherence to meal timing and food consumption, utilizing multiple strategies.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number2283
JournalNutrients
Volume14
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 1 2022

Keywords

  • compliance
  • controlled feeding study
  • diet monitoring
  • dietary adherence
  • nutrition interventions
  • time‐restricted feeding

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Food Science
  • Nutrition and Dietetics

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