Amoxicillin administrations and its influence on bone repair around osseointegrated implants

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of 4 different amoxicillin administration protocols on osseointegration of dental implants. Materials and Methods Thirty-five Wistar rats received an implant in the right tibia and were divided into 5 groups (n = 7): the control group (G1), a group that received a single dose of amoxicillin suspension (40 mg/kg) hour before surgery (G2), a group that received amoxicillin suspension 1 hour before surgery and a 10-mg/kg dose every 12 hours for 3 days (G3), a group that received amoxicillin suspension 1 hour before surgery and a 10-mg/kg dose every 12 hours for 5 days (G4), and a group that received amoxicillin suspension 1 hour before surgery and a 10-mg/kg dose every 12 hours for 7 days (G5). The animals were sacrificed by anesthesia overdose 28 days after implant placement. The samples were retrieved for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) analyses. Results BIC analysis indicated 3 different statistical groups: G1 plus G2, G3, and G4 plus G5. There was no statistical difference between G1 and G2 or between G4 and G5. G3 presented lower values, with statistical difference for G1 plus G2 and G4 plus G5. Also, a statistical difference was found between G1 plus G2 and G4 plus G5. For BAFO evaluation, no statistical difference was found for the experimental groups. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that prolonged use of amoxicillin might have a negative effect on bone formation around implants.