Abstract
Controlling the morphology of the MAPbI3−xClx active layer has remained a challenge towards advancing perovskite solar cells (PvSCs). Here, we demonstrate that a low temperature additive dripping (AD) treatment step, using diphenyl ether (DPE), can significantly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE), compared to the control device using chlorobenzene (CB), by 15% up to 16.64%, with a high current density (JSC) of 22.67 mA/cm2. We chose DPE for its small and appropriate dipole moment to adjust the solubility of the MAPbI3−xClx precursor during the formation of the intermediate phase and the MAPbI3−xClx phase. The low DPE vapor pressure provides a longer processing window for the removal of residual dimethylformamide (DMF), during the annealing process, for improved perovskite formation. Imaging and X-ray analysis both reveal that the MAPbI3−xClx film exhibits enlarged grains with increased crystallinity. Together, these improvements result in reduced carrier recombination and hole trap-state density in the MAPbI3−xClx film, while minimizing the hysteresis problem typical of PvSCs. These results show thatthe AD approach is a promising technique for improving PvSCs. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 2648-2657 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Nano Research |
Volume | 11 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 1 2018 |
Keywords
- DPE
- additive dripping
- crystallinity
- perovskite solar cells
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- General Materials Science