TY - JOUR
T1 - An Open-source Bayesian Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (BART) Code. I. Design, Tests, and Application to Exoplanet HD 189733b
AU - Harrington, Joseph
AU - Himes, Michael D.
AU - Cubillos, Patricio E.
AU - Blecic, Jasmina
AU - Rojo, Patricio M.
AU - Challener, Ryan C.
AU - Lust, Nate B.
AU - Bowman, M. Oliver
AU - Blumenthal, Sarah D.
AU - Dobbs-Dixon, Ian
AU - Foster, Andrew S.D.
AU - Foster, Austin J.
AU - Green, M. R.
AU - Loredo, Thomas J.
AU - McIntyre, Kathleen J.
AU - Stemm, Madison M.
AU - Wright, David C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank J. Fortney for co-advising the dissertations of J.B. and P.E.C., and for discussions. We also thank M. Line for helpful clarification on the HD 189733b data used in Line et al. (2014). We appreciate references to historical sources provided by J. Pasachoff. We appreciate feedback and feature requests provided by members of the BART mailing lists and others who tried out early versions. We thank contributors to NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, AstroPy, the Python Programming Language, GitHub.io, the NASA Astrophysics Data System, and the free and open-source software communities for software and services. Part of this work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This work was supported by NASA Planetary Atmospheres grant NNX12AI69G, NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program grant NNX13AF38G, and NASA Exoplanets Research Program grant NNX17AB62G, held by J.H. M.D.H. held NASA Fellowship Activity fellowship 80NSSC20K0682. J.B. held NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship NNX12AL83H. I.D.-D. and J.B. held NASA Exoplanets Research Program grant NNX17AC03G. P. E.C. was supported by the Fulbright Program for Foreign Students. P.M.R. acknowledges support from CONICYT project Basal AFB-170002. Software: BART12 (This work; BART2; BART3), MC313 (Cubillos et al. 2017), TEA14 (Blecic et al. 2016), REPACK (Cubillos 2017), NumPy (Oliphant 2015; van der Walt et al. 2011), SciPy (Jones et al. 2001; Virtanen et al. 2020), Sympy (Meurer et al. 2017), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), and AASTeX6.3.1 (AAS Journals Team & Hendrickson 2018). Facilities: HST(NICMOS), Spitzer(IRAC), Spitzer(IRS), Spitzer(MIPS). HD 189733b.
Funding Information:
and services. Part of this work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This work was supported by NASA Planetary Atmospheres grant NNX12AI69G, NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program grant NNX13AF38G, and NASA Exoplanets Research Program grant NNX17AB62G, held by J.H. M.D.H. held NASA Fellowship Activity fellowship 80NSSC20K0682. J.B. held NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship NNX12AL83H. I.D.-D. and J.B. held NASA Exoplanets Research Program grant NNX17AC03G. P. E.C. was supported by the Fulbright Program for Foreign Students. P.M.R. acknowledges support from CONICYT project Basal AFB-170002.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2022/4/1
Y1 - 2022/4/1
N2 - We present the open-source Bayesian Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (BART) retrieval package, which produces estimates and uncertainties for an atmosphere’s thermal profile and chemical abundances from observations. Several BART components are also stand-alone packages, including the parallel Multi-Core Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MC3), which implements several Bayesian samplers; a line-by-line radiative-transfer model, transit; a code that calculates Thermochemical Equilibrium Abundances (TEA), and a test suite for verifying radiative-transfer and retrieval codes, BARTTEST. The codes are in Python and C. BART and TEA are under a Reproducible Research (RR) license, which requires reviewed-paper authors to publish a compendium of all inputs, codes, and outputs supporting the paper’s scientific claims. BART and TEA produce the compendium’s content. Otherwise, these codes are under permissive open-source terms, as are MC3 and BARTTEST, for any purpose. This paper presents an overview of the code, BARTTEST, and an application to eclipse data for exoplanet HD 189733b. Appendices address RR methodology for accelerating science, a reporting checklist for retrieval papers, the spectral resolution required for synthetic tests, and a derivation of the effective sample size required to estimate any Bayesian posterior distribution to a given precision, which determines how many iterations to run. Paper II, by Cubillos et al., presents the underlying radiative-transfer scheme and an application to transit data for exoplanet HAT-P-11b. Paper III, by Blecic et al., discusses the initialization and post-processing routines, with an application to eclipse data for exoplanet WASP-43b. We invite the community to use and improve BART and its components at http://GitHub.com/ExOSPORTS/BART/.
AB - We present the open-source Bayesian Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (BART) retrieval package, which produces estimates and uncertainties for an atmosphere’s thermal profile and chemical abundances from observations. Several BART components are also stand-alone packages, including the parallel Multi-Core Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MC3), which implements several Bayesian samplers; a line-by-line radiative-transfer model, transit; a code that calculates Thermochemical Equilibrium Abundances (TEA), and a test suite for verifying radiative-transfer and retrieval codes, BARTTEST. The codes are in Python and C. BART and TEA are under a Reproducible Research (RR) license, which requires reviewed-paper authors to publish a compendium of all inputs, codes, and outputs supporting the paper’s scientific claims. BART and TEA produce the compendium’s content. Otherwise, these codes are under permissive open-source terms, as are MC3 and BARTTEST, for any purpose. This paper presents an overview of the code, BARTTEST, and an application to eclipse data for exoplanet HD 189733b. Appendices address RR methodology for accelerating science, a reporting checklist for retrieval papers, the spectral resolution required for synthetic tests, and a derivation of the effective sample size required to estimate any Bayesian posterior distribution to a given precision, which determines how many iterations to run. Paper II, by Cubillos et al., presents the underlying radiative-transfer scheme and an application to transit data for exoplanet HAT-P-11b. Paper III, by Blecic et al., discusses the initialization and post-processing routines, with an application to eclipse data for exoplanet WASP-43b. We invite the community to use and improve BART and its components at http://GitHub.com/ExOSPORTS/BART/.
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U2 - 10.3847/PSJ/ac3513
DO - 10.3847/PSJ/ac3513
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85131650429
SN - 2632-3338
VL - 3
JO - Planetary Science Journal
JF - Planetary Science Journal
IS - 4
M1 - 80
ER -