Analysis of the liquid argon purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC

S. Amoruso; M. Antonello; P. Aprili; F. Arneodo; A. Badertscher; B. Baiboussinov; M. Baldo Ceolin; G. Battistoni; B. Bekman; P. Benetti; E. Bernardini; M. Bischofberger; A. Borio di Tigliole; R. Brunetti; R. Bruzzese; A. Bueno; M. Buzzanca; E. Calligarich; M. Campanelli; F. Carbonara; C. Carpanese; D. Cavalli; F. Cavanna; P. Cennini; S. Centro; A. Cesana; C. Chen; D. Chen; D. B. Chen; Y. Chen; X. Cieslik; D. Cline; A. G. Cocco; Z. Dai; C. De Vecchi; A. Dabrowska; A. Di Cicco; R. Dolfini; A. Ereditato; M. Felcini; A. Ferrari; F. Ferri; G. Fiorillo; S. Galli; Y. Ge; D. Gibin; A. Gigli Berzolari; I. Gil-Botella; K. Graczyk; L. Grandi; A. Guglielmi; K. He; J. Holeczek; X. Huang; C. Juszczak; D. Kielczewska; J. Kisiel; T. Kozlowski; M. Laffranchi; J. Łagoda; Z. Li; F. Lu; J. Ma; G. Mangano; M. Markiewicz; A. Martinez de la Ossa; C. Matthey; F. Mauri; G. Meng; M. Messina; C. Montanari; S. Muraro; S. Navas-Concha; G. Nurzia; S. Otwinowski; Q. Ouyang; O. Palamara; D. Pascoli; L. Periale; G. B. Piano Mortari; A. Piazzoli; P. Picchi; F. Pietropaolo; W. Polchlopek; T. Rancati; A. Rappoldi; G. L. Raselli; J. Rico; E. Rondio; M. Rossella; A. Rubbia; C. Rubbia; P. Sala; R. Santorelli; D. Scannicchio; E. Segreto; Y. Seo; F. Sergiampietri; J. Sobczyk; N. Spinelli; J. Stepaniak; M. Szarska; M. Szeptycka; M. Szleper; M. Terrani; R. Velotta; S. Ventura; C. Vignoli; H. Wang; X. Wang; J. Woo; G. Xu; Z. Xu; A. Zalewska; J. Zalipska; C. Zhang; Q. Zhang; S. Zhen; W. Zipper

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043

Analysis of the liquid argon purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC

S. Amoruso, M. Antonello, P. Aprili, F. Arneodo, A. Badertscher, B. Baiboussinov, M. Baldo Ceolin, G. Battistoni, B. Bekman, P. Benetti, E. Bernardini, M. Bischofberger, A. Borio di Tigliole, R. Brunetti, R. Bruzzese, A. Bueno, M. Buzzanca, E. Calligarich, M. Campanelli, F. CarbonaraC. Carpanese, D. Cavalli, F. Cavanna, P. Cennini, S. Centro, A. Cesana, C. Chen, D. Chen, D. B. Chen, Y. Chen, X. Cieslik, D. Cline, A. G. Cocco, Z. Dai, C. De Vecchi, A. Dabrowska, A. Di Cicco, R. Dolfini, A. Ereditato, M. Felcini, A. Ferrari, F. Ferri, G. Fiorillo, S. Galli, Y. Ge, D. Gibin, A. Gigli Berzolari, I. Gil-Botella, K. Graczyk, L. Grandi, A. Guglielmi, K. He, J. Holeczek, X. Huang, C. Juszczak, D. Kielczewska, J. Kisiel, T. Kozlowski, M. Laffranchi, J. Łagoda, Z. Li, F. Lu, J. Ma, G. Mangano, M. Markiewicz, A. Martinez de la Ossa, C. Matthey, F. Mauri, G. Meng, M. Messina, C. Montanari, S. Muraro, S. Navas-Concha, G. Nurzia, S. Otwinowski, Q. Ouyang, O. Palamara, D. Pascoli, L. Periale, G. B. Piano Mortari, A. Piazzoli, P. Picchi, F. Pietropaolo, W. Polchlopek, T. Rancati, A. Rappoldi, G. L. Raselli, J. Rico, E. Rondio, M. Rossella, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, P. Sala, R. Santorelli, D. Scannicchio, E. Segreto, Y. Seo, F. Sergiampietri, J. Sobczyk, N. Spinelli, J. Stepaniak, M. Szarska, M. Szeptycka, M. Szleper, M. Terrani, R. Velotta, S. Ventura, C. Vignoli, H. Wang, X. Wang, J. Woo, G. Xu, Z. Xu, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, C. Zhang, Q. Zhang, S. Zhen, W. Zipper

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The results reported in this paper are based on the analysis of the data recorded with the first half-module of the ICARUS T600 liquid argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC), during a technical run that took place on surface in Pavia (Italy). We include results from the linearity, uniformity and calibration of the electronics, measurements on the electron drift velocity in LAr at different electric fields, as well as the LAr purity achievement of the detector. Two complementary techniques were used to measure the drift electron lifetime inside the active volume: the first, from the data of a purity monitor, gives a measurement localized in space; the second, based on the study of the signals produced by long minimum ionizing tracks crossing the detector, provides a LAr volume averaged value. Both methods yield consistent results over the whole data taking period and are compatible with an uniform LAr purity over the whole volume. The maximal drift electron lifetime value was recorded before the run stop and was about 1.8 ms. From an interpretation of the observed drift electron lifetime as a function of time, we conclude that the adopted technology would allow for drift distances exceeding 3 m.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	68-79
Number of pages	12
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	516
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043
State	Published - Jan 1 2004

Keywords

Electron drift velocity
LAr purity
Liquid argon
TPC

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043

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Amoruso, S., Antonello, M., Aprili, P., Arneodo, F., Badertscher, A., Baiboussinov, B., Baldo Ceolin, M., Battistoni, G., Bekman, B., Benetti, P., Bernardini, E., Bischofberger, M., Borio di Tigliole, A., Brunetti, R., Bruzzese, R., Bueno, A., Buzzanca, M., Calligarich, E., Campanelli, M., ... Zipper, W. (2004). Analysis of the liquid argon purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 516(1), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043

Amoruso, S, Antonello, M, Aprili, P, Arneodo, F, Badertscher, A, Baiboussinov, B, Baldo Ceolin, M, Battistoni, G, Bekman, B, Benetti, P, Bernardini, E, Bischofberger, M, Borio di Tigliole, A, Brunetti, R, Bruzzese, R, Bueno, A, Buzzanca, M, Calligarich, E, Campanelli, M, Carbonara, F, Carpanese, C, Cavalli, D, Cavanna, F, Cennini, P, Centro, S, Cesana, A, Chen, C, Chen, D, Chen, DB, Chen, Y, Cieslik, X, Cline, D, Cocco, AG, Dai, Z, De Vecchi, C, Dabrowska, A, Di Cicco, A, Dolfini, R, Ereditato, A, Felcini, M, Ferrari, A, Ferri, F, Fiorillo, G, Galli, S, Ge, Y, Gibin, D, Gigli Berzolari, A, Gil-Botella, I, Graczyk, K, Grandi, L, Guglielmi, A, He, K, Holeczek, J, Huang, X, Juszczak, C, Kielczewska, D, Kisiel, J, Kozlowski, T, Laffranchi, M, Łagoda, J, Li, Z, Lu, F, Ma, J, Mangano, G, Markiewicz, M, Martinez de la Ossa, A, Matthey, C, Mauri, F, Meng, G, Messina, M, Montanari, C, Muraro, S, Navas-Concha, S, Nurzia, G, Otwinowski, S, Ouyang, Q, Palamara, O, Pascoli, D, Periale, L, Piano Mortari, GB, Piazzoli, A, Picchi, P, Pietropaolo, F, Polchlopek, W, Rancati, T, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, GL, Rico, J, Rondio, E, Rossella, M, Rubbia, A, Rubbia, C, Sala, P, Santorelli, R, Scannicchio, D, Segreto, E, Seo, Y, Sergiampietri, F, Sobczyk, J, Spinelli, N, Stepaniak, J, Szarska, M, Szeptycka, M, Szleper, M, Terrani, M, Velotta, R, Ventura, S, Vignoli, C, Wang, H, Wang, X, Woo, J, Xu, G, Xu, Z, Zalewska, A, Zalipska, J, Zhang, C, Zhang, Q, Zhen, S & Zipper, W 2004, 'Analysis of the liquid argon purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 516, no. 1, pp. 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043

@article{e5e858c3e60047f59f5d5e18b1ea8bc9,

title = "Analysis of the liquid argon purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC",

abstract = "The results reported in this paper are based on the analysis of the data recorded with the first half-module of the ICARUS T600 liquid argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC), during a technical run that took place on surface in Pavia (Italy). We include results from the linearity, uniformity and calibration of the electronics, measurements on the electron drift velocity in LAr at different electric fields, as well as the LAr purity achievement of the detector. Two complementary techniques were used to measure the drift electron lifetime inside the active volume: the first, from the data of a purity monitor, gives a measurement localized in space; the second, based on the study of the signals produced by long minimum ionizing tracks crossing the detector, provides a LAr volume averaged value. Both methods yield consistent results over the whole data taking period and are compatible with an uniform LAr purity over the whole volume. The maximal drift electron lifetime value was recorded before the run stop and was about 1.8 ms. From an interpretation of the observed drift electron lifetime as a function of time, we conclude that the adopted technology would allow for drift distances exceeding 3 m.",

keywords = "Electron drift velocity, LAr purity, Liquid argon, TPC",

author = "S. Amoruso and M. Antonello and P. Aprili and F. Arneodo and A. Badertscher and B. Baiboussinov and {Baldo Ceolin}, M. and G. Battistoni and B. Bekman and P. Benetti and E. Bernardini and M. Bischofberger and {Borio di Tigliole}, A. and R. Brunetti and R. Bruzzese and A. Bueno and M. Buzzanca and E. Calligarich and M. Campanelli and F. Carbonara and C. Carpanese and D. Cavalli and F. Cavanna and P. Cennini and S. Centro and A. Cesana and C. Chen and D. Chen and Chen, {D. B.} and Y. Chen and X. Cieslik and D. Cline and Cocco, {A. G.} and Z. Dai and {De Vecchi}, C. and A. Dabrowska and {Di Cicco}, A. and R. Dolfini and A. Ereditato and M. Felcini and A. Ferrari and F. Ferri and G. Fiorillo and S. Galli and Y. Ge and D. Gibin and {Gigli Berzolari}, A. and I. Gil-Botella and K. Graczyk and L. Grandi and A. Guglielmi and K. He and J. Holeczek and X. Huang and C. Juszczak and D. Kielczewska and J. Kisiel and T. Kozlowski and M. Laffranchi and J. {\L}agoda and Z. Li and F. Lu and J. Ma and G. Mangano and M. Markiewicz and {Martinez de la Ossa}, A. and C. Matthey and F. Mauri and G. Meng and M. Messina and C. Montanari and S. Muraro and S. Navas-Concha and G. Nurzia and S. Otwinowski and Q. Ouyang and O. Palamara and D. Pascoli and L. Periale and {Piano Mortari}, {G. B.} and A. Piazzoli and P. Picchi and F. Pietropaolo and W. Polchlopek and T. Rancati and A. Rappoldi and Raselli, {G. L.} and J. Rico and E. Rondio and M. Rossella and A. Rubbia and C. Rubbia and P. Sala and R. Santorelli and D. Scannicchio and E. Segreto and Y. Seo and F. Sergiampietri and J. Sobczyk and N. Spinelli and J. Stepaniak and M. Szarska and M. Szeptycka and M. Szleper and M. Terrani and R. Velotta and S. Ventura and C. Vignoli and H. Wang and X. Wang and J. Woo and G. Xu and Z. Xu and A. Zalewska and J. Zalipska and C. Zhang and Q. Zhang and S. Zhen and W. Zipper",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to warmly thank the many technical collaborators that contributed to the construction of the detector and to its operation. In particular we acknowledge the precious contribution of the LNGS mechanical workshop during the design and realization purity monitor system. We are glad of the financial and technical support of our funding agencies and in particular of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), of ETH Z{\"u}rich and of the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Switzerland. The Polish groups acknowledge the support of the State Committee for Scientific Research in Poland, 2P03B09520, 2P03B13622, 160/E-340/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ212/2003-2005, 620/E-77/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ213/2003-2005, 621/E-78/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ214/2003-2005, 105/E-344/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ211/2003-2005; the INFN, FAI program; the EU Commission, TARI-HPRI-CT-2001-00149. The Spanish group is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (project FPA2002-01835).",

year = "2004",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "516",

pages = "68--79",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of the liquid argon purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC

AU - Amoruso, S.

AU - Antonello, M.

AU - Aprili, P.

AU - Arneodo, F.

AU - Badertscher, A.

AU - Baiboussinov, B.

AU - Baldo Ceolin, M.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Bekman, B.

AU - Benetti, P.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Bischofberger, M.

AU - Borio di Tigliole, A.

AU - Brunetti, R.

AU - Bruzzese, R.

AU - Bueno, A.

AU - Buzzanca, M.

AU - Calligarich, E.

AU - Campanelli, M.

AU - Carbonara, F.

AU - Carpanese, C.

AU - Cavalli, D.

AU - Cavanna, F.

AU - Cennini, P.

AU - Centro, S.

AU - Cesana, A.

AU - Chen, C.

AU - Chen, D.

AU - Chen, D. B.

AU - Chen, Y.

AU - Cieslik, X.

AU - Cline, D.

AU - Cocco, A. G.

AU - Dai, Z.

AU - De Vecchi, C.

AU - Dabrowska, A.

AU - Di Cicco, A.

AU - Dolfini, R.

AU - Ereditato, A.

AU - Felcini, M.

AU - Ferrari, A.

AU - Ferri, F.

AU - Fiorillo, G.

AU - Galli, S.

AU - Ge, Y.

AU - Gibin, D.

AU - Gigli Berzolari, A.

AU - Gil-Botella, I.

AU - Graczyk, K.

AU - Grandi, L.

AU - Guglielmi, A.

AU - He, K.

AU - Holeczek, J.

AU - Huang, X.

AU - Juszczak, C.

AU - Kielczewska, D.

AU - Kisiel, J.

AU - Kozlowski, T.

AU - Laffranchi, M.

AU - Łagoda, J.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Lu, F.

AU - Ma, J.

AU - Mangano, G.

AU - Markiewicz, M.

AU - Martinez de la Ossa, A.

AU - Matthey, C.

AU - Mauri, F.

AU - Meng, G.

AU - Messina, M.

AU - Montanari, C.

AU - Muraro, S.

AU - Navas-Concha, S.

AU - Nurzia, G.

AU - Otwinowski, S.

AU - Ouyang, Q.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Pascoli, D.

AU - Periale, L.

AU - Piano Mortari, G. B.

AU - Piazzoli, A.

AU - Picchi, P.

AU - Pietropaolo, F.

AU - Polchlopek, W.

AU - Rancati, T.

AU - Rappoldi, A.

AU - Raselli, G. L.

AU - Rico, J.

AU - Rondio, E.

AU - Rossella, M.

AU - Rubbia, A.

AU - Rubbia, C.

AU - Sala, P.

AU - Santorelli, R.

AU - Scannicchio, D.

AU - Segreto, E.

AU - Seo, Y.

AU - Sergiampietri, F.

AU - Sobczyk, J.

AU - Spinelli, N.

AU - Stepaniak, J.

AU - Szarska, M.

AU - Szeptycka, M.

AU - Szleper, M.

AU - Terrani, M.

AU - Velotta, R.

AU - Ventura, S.

AU - Vignoli, C.

AU - Wang, H.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Woo, J.

AU - Xu, G.

AU - Xu, Z.

AU - Zalewska, A.

AU - Zalipska, J.

AU - Zhang, C.

AU - Zhang, Q.

AU - Zhen, S.

AU - Zipper, W.

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to warmly thank the many technical collaborators that contributed to the construction of the detector and to its operation. In particular we acknowledge the precious contribution of the LNGS mechanical workshop during the design and realization purity monitor system. We are glad of the financial and technical support of our funding agencies and in particular of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), of ETH Zürich and of the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Switzerland. The Polish groups acknowledge the support of the State Committee for Scientific Research in Poland, 2P03B09520, 2P03B13622, 160/E-340/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ212/2003-2005, 620/E-77/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ213/2003-2005, 621/E-78/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ214/2003-2005, 105/E-344/SPB/ICARUS/P-03/DZ211/2003-2005; the INFN, FAI program; the EU Commission, TARI-HPRI-CT-2001-00149. The Spanish group is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (project FPA2002-01835).

PY - 2004/1/1

Y1 - 2004/1/1

N2 - The results reported in this paper are based on the analysis of the data recorded with the first half-module of the ICARUS T600 liquid argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC), during a technical run that took place on surface in Pavia (Italy). We include results from the linearity, uniformity and calibration of the electronics, measurements on the electron drift velocity in LAr at different electric fields, as well as the LAr purity achievement of the detector. Two complementary techniques were used to measure the drift electron lifetime inside the active volume: the first, from the data of a purity monitor, gives a measurement localized in space; the second, based on the study of the signals produced by long minimum ionizing tracks crossing the detector, provides a LAr volume averaged value. Both methods yield consistent results over the whole data taking period and are compatible with an uniform LAr purity over the whole volume. The maximal drift electron lifetime value was recorded before the run stop and was about 1.8 ms. From an interpretation of the observed drift electron lifetime as a function of time, we conclude that the adopted technology would allow for drift distances exceeding 3 m.

AB - The results reported in this paper are based on the analysis of the data recorded with the first half-module of the ICARUS T600 liquid argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC), during a technical run that took place on surface in Pavia (Italy). We include results from the linearity, uniformity and calibration of the electronics, measurements on the electron drift velocity in LAr at different electric fields, as well as the LAr purity achievement of the detector. Two complementary techniques were used to measure the drift electron lifetime inside the active volume: the first, from the data of a purity monitor, gives a measurement localized in space; the second, based on the study of the signals produced by long minimum ionizing tracks crossing the detector, provides a LAr volume averaged value. Both methods yield consistent results over the whole data taking period and are compatible with an uniform LAr purity over the whole volume. The maximal drift electron lifetime value was recorded before the run stop and was about 1.8 ms. From an interpretation of the observed drift electron lifetime as a function of time, we conclude that the adopted technology would allow for drift distances exceeding 3 m.

KW - Electron drift velocity

KW - LAr purity

KW - Liquid argon

KW - TPC

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=10744226437&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=10744226437&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.043

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:10744226437

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 516

SP - 68

EP - 79

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

IS - 1

ER -

Analysis of the liquid argon purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC

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