@article{c55e792afc7b4d50a18fb11b5976a5fe,
title = "Anterior patterning genes induced by Zic1 are sensitive to retinoic acid and its metabolite, 4-oxo-RA",
abstract = "Background: Development of paired sensory organs is a highly complex and coordinated process. These organs arise from ectodermal thickenings in the cephalic region known as cranial placodes. We have previously shown that Zic1 is a critical regulator for the formation of the pre-placodal region (PPR), the common territory for the development of all cranial placodes in Xenopus laevis. Results: In this study, we have analyzed a number of Zic1 targets for their expression during PPR patterning, as well as their regulation by retinoic acid (RA) and one of its major metabolites, 4-oxo-RA. Our findings show that anteriorly Zic1 regulates several transcription factors, Crx, Fezf2, Nkx3-1, and Xanf1 as well as a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase, Pkdcc.2. These factors are all expressed in the vicinity of the PPR and as such are candidate regulators of placode formation downstream of Zic1. In addition to their differential regulation by RA, we find that 4-oxo-RA is also capable of modulating the expression of these genes, as well as a broad array of RA-regulated genes. Conclusion: Our data highlight the complexity of retinoid-mediated regulation required for Zic1-activated anterior structure specification in Xenopus, and the potential physiological role of 4-oxo-RA in cranial placode development.",
keywords = "Xenopus, patterning, placode, retinoic acid",
author = "Aditi Dubey and Saint-Jeannet, {Jean Pierre}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the members of Saint‐Jeannet Laboratory for technical assistance and helpful discussions. We would like to thank Paul Zappile at the Genome Technology Center (GTC) for expert library preparation and RNA‐sequencing, and Ziyan Lin at the Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories (ABL) for providing bioinformatics support and helping with the analysis and interpretation of the data. This work has used computing resources at the NYU School of Medicine High Performance Computing Facility. This work also benefited from the support of Xenbase ( http://www.xenbase.org/ —RRID:SCR_003280) and the National Xenopus Resource ( http://mbl.edu/xenopus/ —RRID:SCR_013731). This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to Jean‐Pierre Saint‐Jeannet (R01‐DE025806) and to Aditi Dubey (F32‐DE027599). GTC and ABL are shared resources partially supported by the Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA016087 at the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center. Funding Information: We thank the members of Saint-Jeannet Laboratory for technical assistance and helpful discussions. We would like to thank Paul Zappile at the Genome Technology Center (GTC) for expert library preparation and RNA-sequencing, and Ziyan Lin at the Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories (ABL) for providing bioinformatics support and helping with the analysis and interpretation of the data. This work has used computing resources at the NYU School of Medicine High Performance Computing Facility. This work also benefited from the support of Xenbase (http://www.xenbase.org/?RRID:SCR_003280) and the National Xenopus Resource (http://mbl.edu/xenopus/?RRID:SCR_013731). This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet (R01-DE025806) and to Aditi Dubey (F32-DE027599). GTC and ABL are shared resources partially supported by the Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA016087 at the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Association for Anatomy.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1002/dvdy.420",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "251",
pages = "498--512",
journal = "American Journal of Anatomy",
issn = "1058-8388",
publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",
number = "3",
}