TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations Between Incarceration History and Risk of Hypertension and Hyperglycemia
T2 - Consideration of Differences among Black, Hispanic, Asian and White Subgroups
AU - Engelberg, Rachel S.
AU - Scheidell, Joy D.
AU - Islam, Nadia
AU - Thorpe, Lorna
AU - Khan, Maria R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The efforts of LT, NI, JS, and MK are supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Grant U48DP006396. NI’s time is partially supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant U48DP001904), the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grants R01DK110048-01A1 and P30 DK111022R01DK11048), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant 1UG3HL151310), National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (grant U54MD00053817), and National Center for Advancing Translational Science (grant UL1TR001445). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The efforts of RE are supported by grant number T32HS026120 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The project described was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, through Grant Award Number UL1TR001445. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding organizations.
Funding Information:
We appreciate the assistance of Arthur Fierman, MD and Mark D Schwartz, MD in editing initial drafts of this manuscript. This research uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris, and funded by a grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 17 other agencies. Special acknowledgment is due to Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Persons interested in obtaining Data Files from Add Health should contact Add Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Carolina Square, Suite 210, 123 W. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 (addhealth_contracts@unc.edu). No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society of General Internal Medicine.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: Studies have shown that adults with a history of incarceration have elevated cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Research on racial/ethnic group differences in the association between incarceration and CVD risk factors of hypertension and hyperglycemia is limited. Objective: To assess racial/ethnic group differences in the association between incarceration and hypertension and hyperglycemia. Design: We performed a secondary data analysis using the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Using modified Poisson regression, we estimated the associations between lifetime history of incarceration reported during early adulthood with hypertension and hyperglycemia outcomes measured in mid-adulthood, including incident diagnosis. We evaluated whether associations varied by self-reported race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian). Participants: The analytic sample included 4,015 Add Health respondents who self-identified as non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian, and provided incarceration history and outcome data. Main Measures: Outcome measures included (1) hypertension (2) systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg, and (3) hyperglycemia. Key Results: In non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White participants, there was not evidence of an association between incarceration and measured health outcomes. Among Hispanic participants, incarceration was associated with hyperglycemia (Adjusted Risk Ratio (ARR): 2.1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1–3.7), but not with hypertension risk. Incarceration was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (ARR: 3.1, CI: 1.2–8.5) and hypertension (ARR: 1.7, CI: 1.0–2.8, p = 0.03) among Asian participants, but not with hyperglycemia risk. Incarceration was associated with incident hypertension (ARR 2.5, CI 1.2–5.3) among Asian subgroups. Conclusions: Our findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that incarceration may be linked to chronic disease outcomes. Race/ethnic-specific results, while limited by small sample size, highlight the need for long-term studies on incarceration’s influence among distinct US groups.
AB - Background: Studies have shown that adults with a history of incarceration have elevated cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Research on racial/ethnic group differences in the association between incarceration and CVD risk factors of hypertension and hyperglycemia is limited. Objective: To assess racial/ethnic group differences in the association between incarceration and hypertension and hyperglycemia. Design: We performed a secondary data analysis using the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Using modified Poisson regression, we estimated the associations between lifetime history of incarceration reported during early adulthood with hypertension and hyperglycemia outcomes measured in mid-adulthood, including incident diagnosis. We evaluated whether associations varied by self-reported race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian). Participants: The analytic sample included 4,015 Add Health respondents who self-identified as non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian, and provided incarceration history and outcome data. Main Measures: Outcome measures included (1) hypertension (2) systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg, and (3) hyperglycemia. Key Results: In non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White participants, there was not evidence of an association between incarceration and measured health outcomes. Among Hispanic participants, incarceration was associated with hyperglycemia (Adjusted Risk Ratio (ARR): 2.1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1–3.7), but not with hypertension risk. Incarceration was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (ARR: 3.1, CI: 1.2–8.5) and hypertension (ARR: 1.7, CI: 1.0–2.8, p = 0.03) among Asian participants, but not with hyperglycemia risk. Incarceration was associated with incident hypertension (ARR 2.5, CI 1.2–5.3) among Asian subgroups. Conclusions: Our findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that incarceration may be linked to chronic disease outcomes. Race/ethnic-specific results, while limited by small sample size, highlight the need for long-term studies on incarceration’s influence among distinct US groups.
KW - hyperglycemia
KW - hypertension
KW - incarceration
KW - racial/ethnic disparities
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U2 - 10.1007/s11606-023-08327-9
DO - 10.1007/s11606-023-08327-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85165980771
SN - 0884-8734
JO - Journal of general internal medicine
JF - Journal of general internal medicine
ER -