Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is seen as a spectrum from very mild to very severe. This chapter uses the term autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to refer to this group of syndromes. It provides a discussion of the many factors that may contribute to the etiology of ASD. The chapter analyzes clinical problems and evidence-based interventions for the treatment of ASD. If ASD is suspected after screening and comprehensive health assessment, the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) should refer the child and family to a professional or agency that is experienced in making this diagnosis, such as an interdisciplinary early identification program, child psychiatrist or psychologist, developmental pediatrician, speech and language pathologist, or psychiatric-mental health APRN. The ideal intervention for youth with ASD is individualized and treats each child's complex and unique set of communicative, behavioral, sensory, and cognitive characteristics. The chapter contains referral resources that offer the services needed to evaluate a child suspected of having ASD.