Base Station Diversity Propagation Measurements at 73 GHz Millimeter-Wave for 5G Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Analysis

This paper describes wideband (1 GHz) base station diversity and coordinated multipoint (CoMP)-style large-scale measurements at 73 GHz in an urban microcell open square scenario in downtown Brooklyn, New York on the NYU campus. The measurements consisted of ten random receiver locations at pedestrian level (1.4 meters) and ten random transmitter locations at lamppost level (4.0 meters) that provided 36 individual transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) combinations. For each of the 36 radio links, extensive directional measurements were made to give insights into small-cell base station diversity at millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. High-gain steerable horn antennas with 7 and 15 half-power beamwidths (HPBW) were used at the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), respectively. For each TX-RX combination, the TX antenna was scanned over a 120 sector and the RX antenna was scanned over the entire azimuth plane at the strongest RX elevation plane and two other elevation planes on both sides of the strongest elevation angle, separated by the 15 HPBW. Directional and omnidirectional path loss models were derived and match well with the literature. Signal reception probabilities derived from the measurements for one to five base stations that served a single RX location show significant coverage improvement over all potential beamformed RX antenna pointing angles. CDFs for nearest neighbor and Best-N omnidirectional path loss and cell outage probabilities for directional antennas provide insights into coverage and interference for future mmWave small-cells that will exploit macro-diversity and CoMP.