@article{26ea4fafcfe1410eb275cae27c3be8df,
title = "Based on billions of words on the internet, people = men",
abstract = "Recent advances have made it possible to precisely measure the extent to which any two words are used in similar contexts. In turn, this measure of similarity in linguistic context also captures the extent to which the concepts being denoted are similar. When extracted from massive corpora of text written by millions of individuals, this measure of linguistic similarity can provide insight into the collective concepts of a linguistic community, concepts that both reflect and reinforce widespread ways of thinking. Using this approach, we investigated the collective concept person/people, which forms the basis for nearly all societal decision- and policy-making. In three studies and three preregistered replications with similarity metrics extracted from a corpus of over 630 billion English words, we found that the collective concept person/people is not gender-neutral but rather prioritizes men over women—a fundamental bias in our species{\textquoteright} collective view of itself.",
author = "Bailey, {April H.} and Adina Williams and Andrei Cimpian",
note = "Funding Information: We thank three anonymous reviewers, B. Lake, G. Murphy, J. Willits, L. van der Maaten, M. Tygert, M. Banaji, T. Charlesworth, Y.-L. Boureau, and members of the New York University Cognitive Development Lab, including J. Gladstone, K. Block, M. Bowker, M. Muradoglu, and V. Liu, for insightful comments on previous versions of this research. We also thank I. Friedman for assistance with manuscript preparation. Funding: This work was supported by research funds from New York University. Author contributions: A.H.B.: conceptualization, project administration, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, validation, data curation, visualization, writing?original draft, writing?revisions, and writing?review and editing. A.W.: conceptualization, methodology, software, investigation, and writing?review and editing. A.C.: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, and writing?review and editing. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data, analysis scripts, and preregistrations are publicly available at https://osf. io/3ebqh/?view_only=feeafaf7209a4a0b9f8435273c1a4a4b. Additional materials are available in the Supplementary Materials. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.abm2463",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
journal = "Science advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "13",
}