TY - JOUR
T1 - Biomarkers of exposure among adult smokeless tobacco users in the population assessment of Tobacco and health study (WAVE 1, 2013-2014)
AU - Cheng, Yu Ching
AU - Reyes-Guzman, Carolyn M.
AU - Christensen, Carol H.
AU - Rostron, Brian L.
AU - Edwards, Kathryn C.
AU - Wang, Lanqing
AU - Feng, Jun
AU - Jarrett, Jeffery M.
AU - Ward, Cynthia D.
AU - Xia, Baoyun
AU - Kimmel, Heather L.
AU - Conway, Kevin
AU - Leggett, Carmine
AU - Taylor, Kristie
AU - Lawrence, Charlie
AU - Niaura, Ray
AU - Travers, Mark J.
AU - Hyland, Andrew
AU - Hecht, Stephen S.
AU - Hatsukami, Dorothy K.
AU - Goniewicz, Maciej L.
AU - Borek, Nicolette
AU - Blount, Benjamin C.
AU - van Bemmel, Dana M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Association for Cancer Research.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Background: Monitoring population-level toxicant exposures from smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is important for assessing population health risks due to product use. In this study, we assessed tobacco biomarkers of exposure (BOE) among SLT users from the Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Methods: Urinary biospecimens were collected from adults ages 18 and older. Biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), metals, and inorganic arsenic were analyzed and reported among exclusive current established SLT users in comparison with exclusive current established cigarette smokers, dual SLT and cigarette users, and never tobacco users. Results: In general, SLT users (n ¼ 448) have significantly higher concentrations of BOE to nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs compared with never tobacco users; significant dose-response relationships between frequency of SLT use and biomarker concentrations were also reported among exclusive SLT daily users. Exclusive SLT daily users have higher geometric mean concentrations of total nicotine equivalent-2 (TNE2) and TSNAs than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were substantially lower among exclusive SLT daily users than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. Conclusions: Our study produced a comprehensive assessment of SLT product use and 52 biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Compared with cigarette smokers, SLT users experience greater concentrations of some tobacco toxicants, including nicotine and TSNAs. Impact: Our data add information on the risk assessment of exposure to SLT-related toxicants. High levels of harmful constituents in SLT remain a health concern.
AB - Background: Monitoring population-level toxicant exposures from smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is important for assessing population health risks due to product use. In this study, we assessed tobacco biomarkers of exposure (BOE) among SLT users from the Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Methods: Urinary biospecimens were collected from adults ages 18 and older. Biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), metals, and inorganic arsenic were analyzed and reported among exclusive current established SLT users in comparison with exclusive current established cigarette smokers, dual SLT and cigarette users, and never tobacco users. Results: In general, SLT users (n ¼ 448) have significantly higher concentrations of BOE to nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs compared with never tobacco users; significant dose-response relationships between frequency of SLT use and biomarker concentrations were also reported among exclusive SLT daily users. Exclusive SLT daily users have higher geometric mean concentrations of total nicotine equivalent-2 (TNE2) and TSNAs than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were substantially lower among exclusive SLT daily users than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. Conclusions: Our study produced a comprehensive assessment of SLT product use and 52 biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Compared with cigarette smokers, SLT users experience greater concentrations of some tobacco toxicants, including nicotine and TSNAs. Impact: Our data add information on the risk assessment of exposure to SLT-related toxicants. High levels of harmful constituents in SLT remain a health concern.
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U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0766
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0766
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31988072
AN - SCOPUS:85081078014
SN - 1055-9965
VL - 29
SP - 659
EP - 667
JO - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
IS - 3
ER -