TY - JOUR
T1 - Bistability in the synchronization of actuated microfilaments
AU - Guo, Hanliang
AU - Fauci, Lisa
AU - Shelley, Michael
AU - Kanso, Eva
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by the Army Research Office through the ARO Grant W911NF-16-1-0074 (to E.K.) and the National Science Foundation through the NSF INSPIRE Grant 170731 (to E.K.) and the NSF Grants DMR-1420073 (NYU MRSEC: M.S.), DMS-1463962 (to M.S.) and DMS-1620331 (to M.S.). The work of L.F. is partially supported by NSF DMS-1043626. The authors would like to thank Amy Buchmann and Ricardo Cortez for helpful conversations.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2018/2/10
Y1 - 2018/2/10
N2 - Cilia and flagella are essential building blocks for biological fluid transport and locomotion at the micrometre scale. They often beat in synchrony and may transition between different synchronization modes in the same cell type. Here, we investigate the behaviour of elastic microfilaments, protruding from a surface and driven at their base by a configuration-dependent torque. We consider full hydrodynamic interactions among and within filaments and no slip at the surface. Isolated filaments exhibit periodic deformations, with increasing waviness and frequency as the magnitude of the driving torque increases. Two nearby but independently driven filaments synchronize their beating in-phase or anti-phase. This synchrony arises autonomously via the interplay between hydrodynamic coupling and filament elasticity. Importantly, in-phase and anti-phase synchronization modes are bistable and coexist for a range of driving torques and separation distances. These findings are consistent with experimental observations of in-phase and anti-phase synchronization in pairs of cilia and flagella and could have important implications on understanding the biophysical mechanisms underlying transitions between multiple synchronization modes.
AB - Cilia and flagella are essential building blocks for biological fluid transport and locomotion at the micrometre scale. They often beat in synchrony and may transition between different synchronization modes in the same cell type. Here, we investigate the behaviour of elastic microfilaments, protruding from a surface and driven at their base by a configuration-dependent torque. We consider full hydrodynamic interactions among and within filaments and no slip at the surface. Isolated filaments exhibit periodic deformations, with increasing waviness and frequency as the magnitude of the driving torque increases. Two nearby but independently driven filaments synchronize their beating in-phase or anti-phase. This synchrony arises autonomously via the interplay between hydrodynamic coupling and filament elasticity. Importantly, in-phase and anti-phase synchronization modes are bistable and coexist for a range of driving torques and separation distances. These findings are consistent with experimental observations of in-phase and anti-phase synchronization in pairs of cilia and flagella and could have important implications on understanding the biophysical mechanisms underlying transitions between multiple synchronization modes.
KW - Biological fluid dynamics
KW - low-Reynolds-number flows
KW - nonlinear dynamical systems
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U2 - 10.1017/jfm.2017.816
DO - 10.1017/jfm.2017.816
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85039753568
SN - 0022-1120
VL - 836
SP - 304
EP - 323
JO - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
ER -