Bone biochemistry in rat femoral diaphysis after space flight.

The aim of this experiment was to identify the location of the biochemical changes associated with depressed mineralization during space flight. We carried out biochemical analysis of 4 sections of the femoral diaphyses from 107 day old male rats flown aboard Cosmos 2044 Biosatellite for 16 days. Control femurs were preflight, vivarium, synchronous for feed, cage and temperature exposure, and a flight simulation model. Distal sections in both the flight and synchronous femurs showed mineral deficits associated with reduced levels of the reducible cross-link product of type I collagen, dehydro-dihydroxylysinonorleucine (deH-DHLNL) (p<.05). Unloaded bones in the ground based flight simulation model showed changes in cross-links similar to flight and synchronous controls, but were not associated with the mineral deficit. Mean values of elements measured in each section of all groups revealed significant associations (p<.005) between the non-collagenous protein, osteocalcin and calcium (r=0.774), phosphorus (r=-.624) and deH-DHLNL/deH-HLNL (r=.883). The ratio of the nonreducible cross-link, pyridinoline, to its lysl analogue, deoxypyridinoline, was consistently lower in the distal than proximal sections of the groups tested. None of the changes during space flight were unique to flight bone. The most significant and extensive changes in bone composition, i.e. mineral deficits associated with changes in both osteocalcin and reducible cross-links, were located in the distal section of the diaphysis of the femur.