TY - JOUR
T1 - Brains, Genes, and Primates
AU - Izpisua Belmonte, Juan Carlos
AU - Callaway, Edward M.
AU - Churchland, Patricia
AU - Caddick, Sarah J.
AU - Feng, Guoping
AU - Homanics, Gregg E.
AU - Lee, Kuo Fen
AU - Leopold, David A.
AU - Miller, Cory T.
AU - Mitchell, Jude F.
AU - Mitalipov, Shoukhrat
AU - Moutri, Alysson R.
AU - Movshon, J. Anthony
AU - Okano, Hideyuki
AU - Reynolds, John H.
AU - Ringach, Dario
AU - Sejnowski, Terrence J.
AU - Silva, Afonso C.
AU - Strick, Peter L.
AU - Wu, Jun
AU - Zhang, Feng
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the following for thoughtful conversations that were helpful in preparing this manuscript: Michael C. Avery, Michele Basso, Hagai Bergman, Robert Desimone, Vince Ferrera, Fred H. Gage, Paul Glimcher, Josh Gold, Michael E. Goldberg, Neng Gong, John D. Harding, Atsushi Iriki, Leah Krubitzer, Mathias Leblanc, Daeyol Lee, Steven G. Lisberger, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, John H.R. Maunsell, Samuel L. Pfaff, Michael L. Platt, Mu-ming Poo, Nicholas Priebe, Louis F. Reichardt, Jeffrey D. Schall, Steve Scott, John Spiro, Stefan Treue, Inder M. Verma, and Robert H. Wurtz. Work in the laboratory of J.H.R. was supported, in part, by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation; the Crick Jacobs Center of the Salk Institute; a Salk Innovation Award; and the National Institutes of Health (R01 EY021827). Work in the laboratory of J.C.I.B. was supported by the G. Harlod and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation and by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2012-PG-MED002). Work in the lab of E.M.C. is funded by the NIH (EY022577 and MH063912) and The Gatsby Charitable Foundation. Work in the laboratory of G.F. was supported by Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research at McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and a Science Innovation Award from Brain Research Foundation. Work in the laboratory of K.-F.L. was supported by a Salk Innovation Grant, the Clayton Foundation, the National Institute of Aging, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stokes. Work in the laboratory of D.A.L. was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, NINDS, and NIMH. Work in the laboratory of C.T.M. was supported by NSF-IDBR, NIDCD, and NIMH. Work in the laboratory of J.F.M. was supported by NIH (R21 MH104756). Work in the laboratory of S.M. was supported by grants R01-HD063276, R01-HD057121, R01-HD059946, R01-EY021214, and P51-OD011092 from National Institutes of Health; a grant from the Leducq Foundation; and OHSU institutional funds. Work in the laboratory of A.R.M. was supported by NIH Director’s New Innovator Award Program (1-DP2-OD006495-01) and a NARSAD Independent Investigator Grant. Work in the laboratory of J.A.M. was supported by NEI. Work in the laboratory of H.O. was supported, in part, by Brain Mapping by Integrated Neurotechnologies for Disease Studies (Brain/MINDS), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT). Work in the laboratory of D.L.R. was supported by NEI R01 EY-018322. Work in the laboratory of T.J.S. was supported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Office of Naval Research. Work in the laboratory of A.C.S. was supported by The Intramural Research Program of the NINDS, NIH. Work in the laboratory of P.L.S. was supported by Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, NIH Grant R01 NS24328, NIH Grant P40 ODO10996, and NIH Grant P30 NS076405. Work in the laboratory of F.Z. was supported by the National Institutes of Health (through NIMH, 5DP1-MH100706, and NIDDK, 5R01-DK097768); a Waterman Award from the National Science Foundation; the Keck, New York Stem Cell; Damon Runyon, Searle Scholars, Merkin, and Vallee Foundations; and Bob Metcalfe. F.Z. is a New York Stem Cell Foundation Robertson Investigator. S.M. is a founder of Mitogenome Therapeutics Inc. H.O. is a Founding Scientist and a paid SAB of San Bio Co. Ltd. F.Z. is a founder of Editas Medicine and a scientific advisor for Editas Medicine and Horizon Discovery.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2015/5/6
Y1 - 2015/5/6
N2 - One of the great strengths of the mouse model is the wide array of genetic tools that have been developed. Striking examples include methods for directed modification of the genome, and for regulated expression or inactivation of genes. Within neuroscience, it is now routine to express reporter genes, neuronal activity indicators, and opsins in specific neuronal types in the mouse. However, there are considerable anatomical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral differences between the mouse and the human that, in some areas of inquiry, limit the degree to which insights derived from the mouse can be applied to understanding human neurobiology. Several recent advances have now brought into reach the goal of applying these tools to understanding the primate brain. Here we describe these advances, consider their potential to advance our understanding of the human brain and brain disorders, discuss bioethical considerations, and describe what will be needed to move forward. Recent advances have brought into reach the goal of applying genetic tools to understanding the primate brain. Reynolds and colleagues describe these advances, their potential to deepen understanding of the human brain, and what will be needed to move forward.
AB - One of the great strengths of the mouse model is the wide array of genetic tools that have been developed. Striking examples include methods for directed modification of the genome, and for regulated expression or inactivation of genes. Within neuroscience, it is now routine to express reporter genes, neuronal activity indicators, and opsins in specific neuronal types in the mouse. However, there are considerable anatomical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral differences between the mouse and the human that, in some areas of inquiry, limit the degree to which insights derived from the mouse can be applied to understanding human neurobiology. Several recent advances have now brought into reach the goal of applying these tools to understanding the primate brain. Here we describe these advances, consider their potential to advance our understanding of the human brain and brain disorders, discuss bioethical considerations, and describe what will be needed to move forward. Recent advances have brought into reach the goal of applying genetic tools to understanding the primate brain. Reynolds and colleagues describe these advances, their potential to deepen understanding of the human brain, and what will be needed to move forward.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.021
DO - 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.021
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25950631
AN - SCOPUS:84928963567
SN - 0896-6273
VL - 86
SP - 617
EP - 631
JO - Neuron
JF - Neuron
IS - 3
ER -