TY - JOUR
T1 - Ceramic microfiltration membranes in wastewater treatment
T2 - Filtration behavior, fouling and prevention
AU - Hakami, Mohammed Wali
AU - Alkhudhiri, Abdullah
AU - Al-Batty, Sirhan
AU - Zacharof, Myrto Panagiota
AU - Maddy, Jon
AU - Hilal, Nidal
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank fellow researchers in their affiliations for their valuable advice in the research discussed here. This manuscript was written and submitted for potential evaluation at University of South Wales (USW), Sustainable Environment Center (SERC).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Nowadays, integrated microfiltration (MF) membrane systems treatment is becoming widely popular due to its feasibility, process reliability, commercial availability, modularity, relative insensitivity in case of wastewater of various industrial sources as well as raw water treatment and lower operating costs. The well thought out, designed and implemented use of membranes can decrease capital cost, reduce chemical usage, and require little maintenance. Due to their resistance to extreme operating conditions and cleaning protocols, ceramic MF membranes are gradually becoming more employed in the drinking water and wastewater treatment industries when compared with organic and polymeric membranes. Regardless of their many advantages, during continuous operation these membranes are susceptible to a fouling process that can be detrimental for successful and continuous plant operations. Chemical and microbial agents including suspended particles, organic matter particulates, microorganisms and heavy metals mainly contribute to fouling, a complex multifactorial phenomenon. Several strategies, such as chemical cleaning protocols, turbulence promoters and backwashing with air or liquids are currently used in the industry, mainly focusing around early prevention and treatment, so that the separation efficiency of MF membranes will not decrease over time. Other strategies include combining coagulation with either inorganic or organic coagulants, with membrane treatment which can potentially enhance pollutants retention and reduce membrane fouling.
AB - Nowadays, integrated microfiltration (MF) membrane systems treatment is becoming widely popular due to its feasibility, process reliability, commercial availability, modularity, relative insensitivity in case of wastewater of various industrial sources as well as raw water treatment and lower operating costs. The well thought out, designed and implemented use of membranes can decrease capital cost, reduce chemical usage, and require little maintenance. Due to their resistance to extreme operating conditions and cleaning protocols, ceramic MF membranes are gradually becoming more employed in the drinking water and wastewater treatment industries when compared with organic and polymeric membranes. Regardless of their many advantages, during continuous operation these membranes are susceptible to a fouling process that can be detrimental for successful and continuous plant operations. Chemical and microbial agents including suspended particles, organic matter particulates, microorganisms and heavy metals mainly contribute to fouling, a complex multifactorial phenomenon. Several strategies, such as chemical cleaning protocols, turbulence promoters and backwashing with air or liquids are currently used in the industry, mainly focusing around early prevention and treatment, so that the separation efficiency of MF membranes will not decrease over time. Other strategies include combining coagulation with either inorganic or organic coagulants, with membrane treatment which can potentially enhance pollutants retention and reduce membrane fouling.
KW - Ceramic membranes
KW - Cleaning
KW - Filtration
KW - Flux
KW - Microfiltration
KW - Pores
KW - Tubular
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091267799&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85091267799&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/membranes10090248
DO - 10.3390/membranes10090248
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85091267799
SN - 2077-0375
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 34
JO - Membranes
JF - Membranes
IS - 9
M1 - 248
ER -