TY - JOUR
T1 - Cerebellar sub-divisions differ in exercise-induced plasticity of noradrenergic axons and in their association with resilience to activity-based anorexia
AU - Nedelescu, Hermina
AU - Chowdhury, Tara G.
AU - Wable, Gauri S.
AU - Arbuthnott, Gordon
AU - Aoki, Chiye
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Alisa Liu, Clive Miranda and J-Y Wang who assisted with collecting wheel and weight data on the animals. We thank Kei Tateyama for her assistance with analysis of behavioral data. We thank Jan Voogd for encouraging this work and providing literature on the topic, Mario Negrello for discussions of Voronoi tessellation, MBF Bioscience for the Auto-Neuron trial and continuous support. Common Resources at OIST provided access to the confocal microscope. We thank Sho Aoki and Tom Ruigrok for critical discussions, as well as Christopher Yeo and Izumi Sugihara for their input and support. We thank Andy Liu for technical support and Bernd Kuhn for comments on image digitization using the PMT function. We also thank all the researchers who stopped by our SfN poster, providing important comments. This work was part of HN’s dissertation under Marie Curie CEREBNET Project No: 238686 and further supported by Marie Curie Alumni Association (MCAA) Micro one World Grant, The Klarman Foundation Grant Program in Eating Disorders Research to CA, National Institutes for Health grants R21MH091445-01, R21MH105846, R01NS066019-01A1, R25GM097634-01 and R01NS047557-07A1 to CA, NEI Core grant EY13079 to the Center for Neural Science at NYU, UL1 TR000038 from the National Center for the Advancement of Translational Science (NCATS) to TGC, NYU’s Research Challenge Fund to CA, NYU Dean’s Undergraduate Research Fund to Alisa Liu l and J-Y Wang, NYU Abu Dhabi fund to CM, and the JSPS PE13033 to HN and GA.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, The Author(s).
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - The vermis or “spinocerebellum” receives input from the spinal cord and motor cortex for controlling balance and locomotion, while the longitudinal hemisphere region or “cerebro-cerebellum” is interconnected with non-motor cortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex that underlies decision-making. Noradrenaline release in the cerebellum is known to be important for motor plasticity but less is known about plasticity of the cerebellar noradrenergic (NA) system, itself. We characterized plasticity of dopamine β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive NA fibers in the cerebellum of adolescent female rats that are evoked by voluntary wheel running, food restriction (FR) or by both, in combination. When 8 days of wheel access was combined with FR during the last 4 days, some responded with excessive exercise, choosing to run even during the hours of food access: this exacerbated weight loss beyond that due to FR alone. In the vermis, exercise, with or without FR, shortened the inter-varicosity intervals and increased varicosity density along NA fibers, while excessive exercise, due to FR, also shortened NA fibers. In contrast, the hemisphere required the FR-evoked excessive exercise to evoke shortened inter-varicosity intervals along NA fibers and this change was exhibited more strongly by rats that suppressed the FR-evoked excessive exercise, a behavior that minimized weight loss. Presuming that shortened inter-varicosity intervals translate to enhanced NA release and synthesis of norepinephrine, this enhancement in the cerebellar hemisphere may contribute towards protection of individuals from the life-threatening activity-based anorexia via relays with higher-order cortical areas that mediate the animal’s decision to suppress the innate FR-evoked hyperactivity.
AB - The vermis or “spinocerebellum” receives input from the spinal cord and motor cortex for controlling balance and locomotion, while the longitudinal hemisphere region or “cerebro-cerebellum” is interconnected with non-motor cortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex that underlies decision-making. Noradrenaline release in the cerebellum is known to be important for motor plasticity but less is known about plasticity of the cerebellar noradrenergic (NA) system, itself. We characterized plasticity of dopamine β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive NA fibers in the cerebellum of adolescent female rats that are evoked by voluntary wheel running, food restriction (FR) or by both, in combination. When 8 days of wheel access was combined with FR during the last 4 days, some responded with excessive exercise, choosing to run even during the hours of food access: this exacerbated weight loss beyond that due to FR alone. In the vermis, exercise, with or without FR, shortened the inter-varicosity intervals and increased varicosity density along NA fibers, while excessive exercise, due to FR, also shortened NA fibers. In contrast, the hemisphere required the FR-evoked excessive exercise to evoke shortened inter-varicosity intervals along NA fibers and this change was exhibited more strongly by rats that suppressed the FR-evoked excessive exercise, a behavior that minimized weight loss. Presuming that shortened inter-varicosity intervals translate to enhanced NA release and synthesis of norepinephrine, this enhancement in the cerebellar hemisphere may contribute towards protection of individuals from the life-threatening activity-based anorexia via relays with higher-order cortical areas that mediate the animal’s decision to suppress the innate FR-evoked hyperactivity.
KW - Activity-based anorexia
KW - Cerebellum
KW - Exercise
KW - Food restriction
KW - Noradrenergic axons
KW - Voluntary wheel running
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U2 - 10.1007/s00429-016-1220-2
DO - 10.1007/s00429-016-1220-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 27056728
AN - SCOPUS:84964026720
SN - 1863-2653
VL - 222
SP - 317
EP - 339
JO - Brain Structure and Function
JF - Brain Structure and Function
IS - 1
ER -