Chaotic and turbulent behavior of unstable one-dimensional nonlinear dispersive waves

In this article we use one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLS) to illustrate chaotic and turbulent behavior of nonlinear dispersive waves. It begins with a brief summary of properties of NLS with focusing and defocusing nonlinearities. In this summary we stress the role of the modulational instability in the formation of solitary waves and homoclinic orbits, and in the generation of temporal chaos and of spatiotemporal chaos for the nonlinear waves. Dispersive wave turbulence for a class of one-dimensional NLS equations is then described in detail - emphasizing distinctions between focusing and defocusing cases, the role of spatially localized, coherent structures, and their interaction with resonant waves in setting up the cycles of energy transfer in dispersive wave turbulence through direct and inverse cascades. In the article we underline that these simple NLS models provide precise and demanding tests for the closure theories of dispersive wave turbulence. In the conclusion we emphasize the importance of effective stochastic representations for the prediction of transport and other macroscopic behavior in such deterministic chaotic nonlinear wave systems.