Choline Intake and Cognitive Function Among U.S. Older Adults

Choline is an essential nutrient affects brain development in early life. However, evidence is lacking regarding its potential neuroprotective effects in later life from community-based cohorts. This study assessed the relationship between choline intake and cognitive functioning in a sample of older adults 60 years + from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 waves (n = 2,796). Choline intake was assessed using two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Cognitive assessments included immediate and delayed word recalls, Animal Fluency, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. The average daily dietary choline intake was 307.5 mg, and the total intake (including intake from dietary supplements) was 330.9 mg, both below the Adequate Intake level. Neither dietary OR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.75, 1.17) nor total choline intake OR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.70, 1.09) was associated with changes in cognitive test scores. Further investigation adopting longitudinal or experimental designs may shed light on the issue.