@article{7e63635b16444b029bf35c8b3ed21c0f,
title = "Close-in phase-noise enhanced voltage-controlled oscillator employing parasitic V-NPN transistor in CMOS process",
abstract = "This paper presents a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low close-in phase noise by exploiting a parasitic vertical NPN transistor (V-NPN) as a tail current source in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. V-NPN has an inherently low nicker noise (1/f noise) profile compared to CMOS devices. Simple dc and ac characteristics of V-NPN are measured and extracted for design convenience. The proposed VCO that used a V-NPN current source instead of nMOS is verified using a 0.18-/μm deep n-well CMOS process. Test results of the designed VCO show good figure-of-merit of - 87.4 dBc/Hz, - 111 dBc/Hz of phase noise at 10 kHz, and 100-kHz offsets while consuming only 540 μW from the 1.8-V supply.",
keywords = "Close-in phase noise, Flicker noise, Vertical-NPN (V-NPN) transistor, Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)",
author = "Yeonwoo Ku and Ilku Nam and Sohmyung Ha and Kwyro Lee and Seonghwan Cho",
note = "Funding Information: Kwyro Lee (M{\textquoteright}80–SM{\textquoteright}90) received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1976, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis–St. Paul, in 1981 and 1983, respec-tively, where he performed pioneering work for characterization and modeling of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction field-effect From 1983 to 1986, he was an Engineering General Manager with GoldStar Semiconductor Inc., Seoul, Korea, where he was responsible for the development of the first polysilicon CMOS products in Korea. In 1987, he joined the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea, as an Assistant Professor in the development of electrical engineering. He is currently a Professor with KAIST. From 1998 to 2000, he served as the KAIST Dean of Research Affairs and the Dean of Institute Development and Cooperation. Since 1997, he has been the Director of the Micro Information and Communication Remote-Object Oriented Systems (MICROS) Research Center, Daejeon, Korea, an Engineering Center of Excellence supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation. He has authored or coauthored over 150 publications in major international journals and conferences. He authored Semiconductor Device Modeling for VLSI (Prentice-Hall, 1993) and was one of the co-developers of AIM-SPICE, the world{\textquoteright}s first SPICE run under Windows.",
year = "2006",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1109/TMTT.2006.871231",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "54",
pages = "1363--1369",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques",
issn = "0018-9480",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "4",
}