@article{913f5afa99f74d74a1c50cb375821fad,
title = "Cognitive Decline as a Result of Incarceration and the Effects of a CBT/MT Intervention: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial",
abstract = "This study primarily tests whether incarceration negatively affects cognitive functioning; namely emotion regulation, cognitive control, and emotion recognition. As a secondary interest, we test protective effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Mindfulness Training (CBT/MT) intervention. Dormitories containing 197 incarcerated males aged 16-18 were randomly assigned to either a CBT/MT program or an active control condition. A cognitive task was administered pre-treatment and again four months later, upon treatment completion. Performance on all outcome variables was significantly worse at follow-up compared to baseline. There were marginally significant group by time interactions. While the control group performance significantly declined in both cognitive control and emotion regulation, the CBT/MT group showed no significant decline in either outcome. This is the first study to probe the effects of incarceration on these three processes. Findings suggest that incarceration worsens a known risk factor for crime (cognitive functioning), and that a CBT/MT intervention may help buffer against declines.",
keywords = "adolescent, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, executive functioning, incarceration, intervention, mindfulness",
author = "Rebecca Umbach and Adrian Raine and Leonard, {Noelle R.}",
note = "Funding Information: authoRs{\textquoteright} note: This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA 024764; Noelle R. Leonard, PhD, Principal Investigator [PI]). We would like to thank the young men who participated in the study, Bethany Casarjian, PhD, and Robin Casarjian, and the project staff: Angela Banfield; Leslie Booker; Christina Laitner, PhD; Jessica Linick PhD; Rita Mirabelli; Michael Pass; Isaiah Pickens; Audrey Watson, PhD; and Michelle Silverman for data preparation. We would also like to extend our appreciation to the New York City Department of Corrections staff, particularly Deputy Wardens Winette Saunders-Halyard and Erik Berliner, and Officers John Hatzaglou and Maywattie Mahedeo. Marya V. Gwadz, PhD; Charles M. Cleland, PhD; and Nim Tottenham, PhD, provided significant scientific input to the methods of the study. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Rebecca Umbach, Department of Criminology, Jerry Lee Center of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, 3809 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; e-mail: rumbach@sas.upenn.edu. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, {\textcopyright} 2017 International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/0093854817736345",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "45",
pages = "31--55",
journal = "Criminal Justice and Behavior",
issn = "0093-8548",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
number = "1",
}