@article{6afea79be5fb414899d880e4f259f6dc,
title = "Decarbonization of the chemical industry through electrification: Barriers and opportunities",
abstract = "The chemical industry is a major source of economic productivity and employment globally and among the top 3 industrial sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, along with steel and cement. As global demand for chemical products continues to grow, there is an urgency to develop and deploy sustainable chemical production pathways and to reconsider continued investment in current emission-intensive production technologies. This perspective describes the challenges and opportunities to decarbonize the chemical industry via electrification powered by low-carbon electricity supply, both in the near term and long term, and it discusses four technological pathways ranging from the more mature direct substitution of heat with electricity and use of hydrogen to technologically less mature, yet potentially more selective, approaches based on electrochemistry and plasma. Finally, we highlight the key elements of integrating an electrified industrial process with the power sector to leverage process flexibility to reduce energy costs of chemical production and provide valuable power grid support services. Unlocking such plant-to-grid coordination and the four electrification pathways has significant potential to facilitate rapid and deep decarbonization of the chemical industry sector.",
keywords = "decarbonization, direct electrification, electrification, electrochemistry, energy systems, hydrogen, plasma",
author = "Mallapragada, {Dharik S.} and Yury Dvorkin and Modestino, {Miguel A.} and Esposito, {Daniel V.} and Smith, {Wilson A.} and Hodge, {Bri Mathias} and Harold, {Michael P.} and Donnelly, {Vincent M.} and Alice Nuz and Casey Bloomquist and Kyri Baker and Grabow, {Lars C.} and Yushan Yan and Rajput, {Nav Nidhi} and Hartman, {Ryan L.} and Biddinger, {Elizabeth J.} and Aydil, {Eray S.} and Taylor, {Andr{\'e} D.}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for supporting this work (grant no. 201-16807 ) that is part of the recently established Center for Decarbonizing Chemical Manufacturing Using Sustainable Electrification (DC-MUSE, https://www.dc-muse.org/ ). B.-M.H. and W.A.S. acknowledge the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the US Department of Energy (DOE) (under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308) . Funding was in part provided by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy . The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the US Government. Funding Information: We would like to thank the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for supporting this work (grant no. 201-16807) that is part of the recently established Center for Decarbonizing Chemical Manufacturing Using Sustainable Electrification (DC-MUSE, https://www.dc-muse.org/). B.-M.H. and W.A.S. acknowledge the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the US Department of Energy (DOE) (under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308). Funding was in part provided by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the US Government. Conceptualization, D.S.M. M.A.M. Y.D. E.J.B. E.S.A. and A.D.T.; writing – original draft, D.S.M. M.A.M. Y.D. M.P.H. B.-M.H. D.V.E. and W.A.S.; visualization, A.N. C.B. D.S.M. Y.D. and M.A.M.; writing – review & editing, all authors. M.A.M. is a co-founder and shareholder of Sunthetics Inc. D.V.E. is a co-founder and advisor of SHYP BV PBC. D.V.E. is the holder of several pending or granted patents related to electrolyzer technology. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2023",
month = jan,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.008",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
pages = "23--41",
journal = "Joule",
issn = "2542-4351",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "1",
}