DeepFDR: A Deep Learning-based False Discovery Rate Control Method for Neuroimaging Data

Taehyo Kim, Hai Shu, Qiran Jia, Mony J. de Leon

Research output: Contribution to journalConference articlepeer-review

Abstract

Voxel-based multiple testing is widely used in neuroimaging data analysis. Traditional false discovery rate (FDR) control methods often ignore the spatial dependence among the voxel-based tests and thus suffer from substantial loss of testing power. While recent spatial FDR control methods have emerged, their validity and optimality remain questionable when handling the complex spatial dependencies of the brain. Concurrently, deep learning methods have revolutionized image segmentation, a task closely related to voxel-based multiple testing. In this paper, we propose DeepFDR, a novel spatial FDR control method that leverages unsupervised deep learning-based image segmentation to address the voxel-based multiple testing problem. Numerical studies, including comprehensive simulations and Alzheimer’s disease FDG-PET image analysis, demonstrate DeepFDR’s superiority over existing methods. DeepFDR not only excels in FDR control and effectively diminishes the false nondiscovery rate, but also boasts exceptional computational efficiency highly suited for tackling large-scale neuroimaging data.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)946-954
Number of pages9
JournalProceedings of Machine Learning Research
Volume238
StatePublished - 2024
Event27th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, AISTATS 2024 - Valencia, Spain
Duration: May 2 2024May 4 2024

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Software
  • Control and Systems Engineering
  • Statistics and Probability

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