Delirium Superimposed on Dementia

Delirium and dementia are 2 different pathophysiologic processes, each manifesting signs that so overlap that they are often indistinguishable to the practicing clinician. Delirium superimposed on dementia is an underdiagnosed disease process associated with increased mortality and morbidity, longer recovery rates, higher cost, increased risk for falls, and long-term care placement. This article presents an overview of this disease with a focus on early recognition and prevention. Recommendations for treatment strategies, derived from evidence, are presented for consideration by family and adult and geriatric acute care nurse practitioners.