Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector

S. Amerio; S. Amoruso; M. Antonello; P. Aprili; M. Armenante; F. Arneodo; A. Badertscher; B. Baiboussinov; M. Baldo Ceolin; G. Battistoni; B. Bekman; P. Benetti; E. Bernardini; M. Bischofberger; A. Borio di Tigliole; R. Brunetti; R. Bruzzese; A. Bueno; E. Calligarich; M. Campanelli; F. Carbonara; C. Carpanese; D. Cavalli; F. Cavanna; P. Cennini; S. Centro; A. Cesana; C. Chen; D. Chen; D. B. Chen; Y. Chen; R. Cid; D. B. Cline; K. Cieślik; A. G. Cocco; D. Corti; Z. Dai; C. de Vecchi; A. Dabrowska; A. di Cicco; R. Dolfini; A. Ereditato; M. Felcini; A. Ferella; A. Ferrari; F. Ferri; G. Fiorillo; S. Galli; D. Garcia Gamez; Y. Ge; D. Gibin; A. Gigli Berzolari; I. Gil-Botella; K. Graczyk; L. Grandi; A. Guglielmi; K. He; J. Holeczek; X. Huang; C. Juszczak; D. Kielczewska; J. Kisiel; T. Kozlowski; H. Kuna-Ciskal; M. Laffranchi; J. Lagoda; Z. Li; B. Lisowski; F. Lu; J. Ma; G. Mangano; G. Mannocchi; M. Markiewicz; A. Martinez de la Ossa; C. Matthey; F. Mauri; D. Mazza; A. J. Melgarejo; A. Menegolli; G. Meng; M. Messina; J. W. Mietelski; C. Montanari; S. Muraro; S. Navas-Concha; M. Nicoletto; J. Nowak; G. Nurzia; C. Osuna; S. Otwinowski; Q. Ouyang; O. Palamara; D. Pascoli; L. Periale; G. Piano Mortari; A. Piazzoli; P. Picchi; F. Pietropaolo; W. Pólchlopek; M. Prata; T. Rancati; A. Rappoldi; G. L. Raselli; J. Rico; E. Rondio; M. Rossella; A. Rubbia; C. Rubbia; P. Sala; R. Santorelli; D. Scannicchio; E. Segreto; Y. Seo; F. Sergiampietri; J. Sobczyk; N. Spinelli; J. Stepaniak; R. Sulej; M. Szeptycka; M. Szarska; M. Terrani; G. Trinchero; R. Velotta; S. Ventura; C. Vignoli; H. Wang; X. Wang; J. Woo; G. Xu; Z. Xu; X. Yang; A. Zalewska; J. Zalipska; C. Zhang; Q. Zhang; S. Zhen; W. Zipper

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044

Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector

S. Amerio, S. Amoruso, M. Antonello, P. Aprili, M. Armenante, F. Arneodo, A. Badertscher, B. Baiboussinov, M. Baldo Ceolin, G. Battistoni, B. Bekman, P. Benetti, E. Bernardini, M. Bischofberger, A. Borio di Tigliole, R. Brunetti, R. Bruzzese, A. Bueno, E. Calligarich, M. CampanelliF. Carbonara, C. Carpanese, D. Cavalli, F. Cavanna, P. Cennini, S. Centro, A. Cesana, C. Chen, D. Chen, D. B. Chen, Y. Chen, R. Cid, D. B. Cline, K. Cieślik, A. G. Cocco, D. Corti, Z. Dai, C. de Vecchi, A. Dabrowska, A. di Cicco, R. Dolfini, A. Ereditato, M. Felcini, A. Ferella, A. Ferrari, F. Ferri, G. Fiorillo, S. Galli, D. Garcia Gamez, Y. Ge, D. Gibin, A. Gigli Berzolari, I. Gil-Botella, K. Graczyk, L. Grandi, A. Guglielmi, K. He, J. Holeczek, X. Huang, C. Juszczak, D. Kielczewska, J. Kisiel, T. Kozlowski, H. Kuna-Ciskal, M. Laffranchi, J. Lagoda, Z. Li, B. Lisowski, F. Lu, J. Ma, G. Mangano, G. Mannocchi, M. Markiewicz, A. Martinez de la Ossa, C. Matthey, F. Mauri, D. Mazza, A. J. Melgarejo, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. Messina, J. W. Mietelski, C. Montanari, S. Muraro, S. Navas-Concha, M. Nicoletto, J. Nowak, G. Nurzia, C. Osuna, S. Otwinowski, Q. Ouyang, O. Palamara, D. Pascoli, L. Periale, G. Piano Mortari, A. Piazzoli, P. Picchi, F. Pietropaolo, W. Pólchlopek, M. Prata, T. Rancati, A. Rappoldi, G. L. Raselli, J. Rico, E. Rondio, M. Rossella, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, P. Sala, R. Santorelli, D. Scannicchio, E. Segreto, Y. Seo, F. Sergiampietri, J. Sobczyk, N. Spinelli, J. Stepaniak, R. Sulej, M. Szeptycka, M. Szarska, M. Terrani, G. Trinchero, R. Velotta, S. Ventura, C. Vignoli, H. Wang, X. Wang, J. Woo, G. Xu, Z. Xu, X. Yang, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, C. Zhang, Q. Zhang, S. Zhen, W. Zipper

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We have constructed and operated the ICARUS T600 liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC). The ICARUS T600 detector is the largest LAr TPC ever built, with a size of about 500 tons of fully imaging mass. The design and assembly of the detector relied on industrial support and represents the applications of concepts matured in laboratory tests to the kton scale. The ICARUS T600 was commissioned for a technical run that lasted about 3 months. During this period all the detector features were extensively tested with an exposure to cosmic-rays at surface with a resulting data collection of about 30000 events. The detector was developed as the first element of a modular design. Thanks to the concept of modularity, it will be possible to realize a detector with several ktons active mass, to act as an observatory for astroparticle and neutrino physics at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory and a second-generation nucleon decay experiment. In this paper a description of the ICARUS T600 is given, detailing its design specifications, assembly procedures and acceptance tests. Commissioning procedures and results of the technical run are also reported, as well as results from the off-line event reconstruction.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	329-410
Number of pages	82
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	527
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044
State	Published - Jul 21 2004

Keywords

Calorimetry
Liquid Argon
Neutrino interaction
Nucleon decay
TPC

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044

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Amerio, S., Amoruso, S., Antonello, M., Aprili, P., Armenante, M., Arneodo, F., Badertscher, A., Baiboussinov, B., Baldo Ceolin, M., Battistoni, G., Bekman, B., Benetti, P., Bernardini, E., Bischofberger, M., Borio di Tigliole, A., Brunetti, R., Bruzzese, R., Bueno, A., Calligarich, E., ... Zipper, W. (2004). Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 527(3), 329-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044

Amerio, S, Amoruso, S, Antonello, M, Aprili, P, Armenante, M, Arneodo, F, Badertscher, A, Baiboussinov, B, Baldo Ceolin, M, Battistoni, G, Bekman, B, Benetti, P, Bernardini, E, Bischofberger, M, Borio di Tigliole, A, Brunetti, R, Bruzzese, R, Bueno, A, Calligarich, E, Campanelli, M, Carbonara, F, Carpanese, C, Cavalli, D, Cavanna, F, Cennini, P, Centro, S, Cesana, A, Chen, C, Chen, D, Chen, DB, Chen, Y, Cid, R, Cline, DB, Cieślik, K, Cocco, AG, Corti, D, Dai, Z, de Vecchi, C, Dabrowska, A, di Cicco, A, Dolfini, R, Ereditato, A, Felcini, M, Ferella, A, Ferrari, A, Ferri, F, Fiorillo, G, Galli, S, Garcia Gamez, D, Ge, Y, Gibin, D, Gigli Berzolari, A, Gil-Botella, I, Graczyk, K, Grandi, L, Guglielmi, A, He, K, Holeczek, J, Huang, X, Juszczak, C, Kielczewska, D, Kisiel, J, Kozlowski, T, Kuna-Ciskal, H, Laffranchi, M, Lagoda, J, Li, Z, Lisowski, B, Lu, F, Ma, J, Mangano, G, Mannocchi, G, Markiewicz, M, Martinez de la Ossa, A, Matthey, C, Mauri, F, Mazza, D, Melgarejo, AJ, Menegolli, A, Meng, G, Messina, M, Mietelski, JW, Montanari, C, Muraro, S, Navas-Concha, S, Nicoletto, M, Nowak, J, Nurzia, G, Osuna, C, Otwinowski, S, Ouyang, Q, Palamara, O, Pascoli, D, Periale, L, Piano Mortari, G, Piazzoli, A, Picchi, P, Pietropaolo, F, Pólchlopek, W, Prata, M, Rancati, T, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, GL, Rico, J, Rondio, E, Rossella, M, Rubbia, A, Rubbia, C, Sala, P, Santorelli, R, Scannicchio, D, Segreto, E, Seo, Y, Sergiampietri, F, Sobczyk, J, Spinelli, N, Stepaniak, J, Sulej, R, Szeptycka, M, Szarska, M, Terrani, M, Trinchero, G, Velotta, R, Ventura, S, Vignoli, C, Wang, H, Wang, X, Woo, J, Xu, G, Xu, Z, Yang, X, Zalewska, A, Zalipska, J, Zhang, C, Zhang, Q, Zhen, S & Zipper, W 2004, 'Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 527, no. 3, pp. 329-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044

@article{84843618e72842e198089a8806e35eed,

title = "Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector",

abstract = "We have constructed and operated the ICARUS T600 liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC). The ICARUS T600 detector is the largest LAr TPC ever built, with a size of about 500 tons of fully imaging mass. The design and assembly of the detector relied on industrial support and represents the applications of concepts matured in laboratory tests to the kton scale. The ICARUS T600 was commissioned for a technical run that lasted about 3 months. During this period all the detector features were extensively tested with an exposure to cosmic-rays at surface with a resulting data collection of about 30000 events. The detector was developed as the first element of a modular design. Thanks to the concept of modularity, it will be possible to realize a detector with several ktons active mass, to act as an observatory for astroparticle and neutrino physics at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory and a second-generation nucleon decay experiment. In this paper a description of the ICARUS T600 is given, detailing its design specifications, assembly procedures and acceptance tests. Commissioning procedures and results of the technical run are also reported, as well as results from the off-line event reconstruction.",

keywords = "Calorimetry, Liquid Argon, Neutrino interaction, Nucleon decay, TPC",

author = "S. Amerio and S. Amoruso and M. Antonello and P. Aprili and M. Armenante and F. Arneodo and A. Badertscher and B. Baiboussinov and {Baldo Ceolin}, M. and G. Battistoni and B. Bekman and P. Benetti and E. Bernardini and M. Bischofberger and {Borio di Tigliole}, A. and R. Brunetti and R. Bruzzese and A. Bueno and E. Calligarich and M. Campanelli and F. Carbonara and C. Carpanese and D. Cavalli and F. Cavanna and P. Cennini and S. Centro and A. Cesana and C. Chen and D. Chen and Chen, {D. B.} and Y. Chen and R. Cid and Cline, {D. B.} and K. Cie{\'s}lik and Cocco, {A. G.} and D. Corti and Z. Dai and {de Vecchi}, C. and A. Dabrowska and {di Cicco}, A. and R. Dolfini and A. Ereditato and M. Felcini and A. Ferella and A. Ferrari and F. Ferri and G. Fiorillo and S. Galli and {Garcia Gamez}, D. and Y. Ge and D. Gibin and {Gigli Berzolari}, A. and I. Gil-Botella and K. Graczyk and L. Grandi and A. Guglielmi and K. He and J. Holeczek and X. Huang and C. Juszczak and D. Kielczewska and J. Kisiel and T. Kozlowski and H. Kuna-Ciskal and M. Laffranchi and J. Lagoda and Z. Li and B. Lisowski and F. Lu and J. Ma and G. Mangano and G. Mannocchi and M. Markiewicz and {Martinez de la Ossa}, A. and C. Matthey and F. Mauri and D. Mazza and Melgarejo, {A. J.} and A. Menegolli and G. Meng and M. Messina and Mietelski, {J. W.} and C. Montanari and S. Muraro and S. Navas-Concha and M. Nicoletto and J. Nowak and G. Nurzia and C. Osuna and S. Otwinowski and Q. Ouyang and O. Palamara and D. Pascoli and L. Periale and {Piano Mortari}, G. and A. Piazzoli and P. Picchi and F. Pietropaolo and W. P{\'o}lchlopek and M. Prata and T. Rancati and A. Rappoldi and Raselli, {G. L.} and J. Rico and E. Rondio and M. Rossella and A. Rubbia and C. Rubbia and P. Sala and R. Santorelli and D. Scannicchio and E. Segreto and Y. Seo and F. Sergiampietri and J. Sobczyk and N. Spinelli and J. Stepaniak and R. Sulej and M. Szeptycka and M. Szarska and M. Terrani and G. Trinchero and R. Velotta and S. Ventura and C. Vignoli and H. Wang and X. Wang and J. Woo and G. Xu and Z. Xu and X. Yang and A. Zalewska and J. Zalipska and C. Zhang and Q. Zhang and S. Zhen and W. Zipper",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to warmly thank the technical collaborators which contributed to the construction of the detector and to its operation. In particular, we are indebted to A. Capsoni and F. Vercellati for the mounting of the inner detector, to S. Bricola, T. Locatelli, C. Marciano, G. Musitelli, R. Nard{\'o} and P. Novelli for the construction and operation of the wiring device, to B. Romualdi, A. Rotilio and E. Tatananni for their contribution to the realization and the installation of the purity monitor systems, and to S. Marchini and M. Negrello for their activities on the read-out electronics. A special thank goes to M. Cominardi of BREME TECNICA for the skill and competence he showed in the design and in the technical direction of the mounting operation for the inner detector. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the work of the many people who contributed to the development of the ICARUS technology during the many years of R&D phase that made possible the realization of the T600 detector. We are glad of the financial and technical support of our funding agencies and in particular of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy, of ETH Z{\"u}rich and of the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Switzerland. The Polish groups acknowledge the support of the State Committee for Scientific Research in Poland, 2P03B09520, 2P03B13622, 105,160,620,621/E-344,E-340,E-77,E-78/SPS/ICARUS/P-03/DZ211-214/2003-2005; the INFN, FAI program; the EU Commission, TARI-HPRI-CT-2001-00149. The group of Granada has been kindly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (project FPA2002-01835).",

year = "2004",

month = jul,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "527",

pages = "329--410",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector

AU - Amerio, S.

AU - Amoruso, S.

AU - Antonello, M.

AU - Aprili, P.

AU - Armenante, M.

AU - Arneodo, F.

AU - Badertscher, A.

AU - Baiboussinov, B.

AU - Baldo Ceolin, M.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Bekman, B.

AU - Benetti, P.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Bischofberger, M.

AU - Borio di Tigliole, A.

AU - Brunetti, R.

AU - Bruzzese, R.

AU - Bueno, A.

AU - Calligarich, E.

AU - Campanelli, M.

AU - Carbonara, F.

AU - Carpanese, C.

AU - Cavalli, D.

AU - Cavanna, F.

AU - Cennini, P.

AU - Centro, S.

AU - Cesana, A.

AU - Chen, C.

AU - Chen, D.

AU - Chen, D. B.

AU - Chen, Y.

AU - Cid, R.

AU - Cline, D. B.

AU - Cieślik, K.

AU - Cocco, A. G.

AU - Corti, D.

AU - Dai, Z.

AU - de Vecchi, C.

AU - Dabrowska, A.

AU - di Cicco, A.

AU - Dolfini, R.

AU - Ereditato, A.

AU - Felcini, M.

AU - Ferella, A.

AU - Ferrari, A.

AU - Ferri, F.

AU - Fiorillo, G.

AU - Galli, S.

AU - Garcia Gamez, D.

AU - Ge, Y.

AU - Gibin, D.

AU - Gigli Berzolari, A.

AU - Gil-Botella, I.

AU - Graczyk, K.

AU - Grandi, L.

AU - Guglielmi, A.

AU - He, K.

AU - Holeczek, J.

AU - Huang, X.

AU - Juszczak, C.

AU - Kielczewska, D.

AU - Kisiel, J.

AU - Kozlowski, T.

AU - Kuna-Ciskal, H.

AU - Laffranchi, M.

AU - Lagoda, J.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Lisowski, B.

AU - Lu, F.

AU - Ma, J.

AU - Mangano, G.

AU - Mannocchi, G.

AU - Markiewicz, M.

AU - Martinez de la Ossa, A.

AU - Matthey, C.

AU - Mauri, F.

AU - Mazza, D.

AU - Melgarejo, A. J.

AU - Menegolli, A.

AU - Meng, G.

AU - Messina, M.

AU - Mietelski, J. W.

AU - Montanari, C.

AU - Muraro, S.

AU - Navas-Concha, S.

AU - Nicoletto, M.

AU - Nowak, J.

AU - Nurzia, G.

AU - Osuna, C.

AU - Otwinowski, S.

AU - Ouyang, Q.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Pascoli, D.

AU - Periale, L.

AU - Piano Mortari, G.

AU - Piazzoli, A.

AU - Picchi, P.

AU - Pietropaolo, F.

AU - Pólchlopek, W.

AU - Prata, M.

AU - Rancati, T.

AU - Rappoldi, A.

AU - Raselli, G. L.

AU - Rico, J.

AU - Rondio, E.

AU - Rossella, M.

AU - Rubbia, A.

AU - Rubbia, C.

AU - Sala, P.

AU - Santorelli, R.

AU - Scannicchio, D.

AU - Segreto, E.

AU - Seo, Y.

AU - Sergiampietri, F.

AU - Sobczyk, J.

AU - Spinelli, N.

AU - Stepaniak, J.

AU - Sulej, R.

AU - Szeptycka, M.

AU - Szarska, M.

AU - Terrani, M.

AU - Trinchero, G.

AU - Velotta, R.

AU - Ventura, S.

AU - Vignoli, C.

AU - Wang, H.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Woo, J.

AU - Xu, G.

AU - Xu, Z.

AU - Yang, X.

AU - Zalewska, A.

AU - Zalipska, J.

AU - Zhang, C.

AU - Zhang, Q.

AU - Zhen, S.

AU - Zipper, W.

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to warmly thank the technical collaborators which contributed to the construction of the detector and to its operation. In particular, we are indebted to A. Capsoni and F. Vercellati for the mounting of the inner detector, to S. Bricola, T. Locatelli, C. Marciano, G. Musitelli, R. Nardó and P. Novelli for the construction and operation of the wiring device, to B. Romualdi, A. Rotilio and E. Tatananni for their contribution to the realization and the installation of the purity monitor systems, and to S. Marchini and M. Negrello for their activities on the read-out electronics. A special thank goes to M. Cominardi of BREME TECNICA for the skill and competence he showed in the design and in the technical direction of the mounting operation for the inner detector. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the work of the many people who contributed to the development of the ICARUS technology during the many years of R&D phase that made possible the realization of the T600 detector. We are glad of the financial and technical support of our funding agencies and in particular of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy, of ETH Zürich and of the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Switzerland. The Polish groups acknowledge the support of the State Committee for Scientific Research in Poland, 2P03B09520, 2P03B13622, 105,160,620,621/E-344,E-340,E-77,E-78/SPS/ICARUS/P-03/DZ211-214/2003-2005; the INFN, FAI program; the EU Commission, TARI-HPRI-CT-2001-00149. The group of Granada has been kindly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (project FPA2002-01835).

PY - 2004/7/21

Y1 - 2004/7/21

N2 - We have constructed and operated the ICARUS T600 liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC). The ICARUS T600 detector is the largest LAr TPC ever built, with a size of about 500 tons of fully imaging mass. The design and assembly of the detector relied on industrial support and represents the applications of concepts matured in laboratory tests to the kton scale. The ICARUS T600 was commissioned for a technical run that lasted about 3 months. During this period all the detector features were extensively tested with an exposure to cosmic-rays at surface with a resulting data collection of about 30000 events. The detector was developed as the first element of a modular design. Thanks to the concept of modularity, it will be possible to realize a detector with several ktons active mass, to act as an observatory for astroparticle and neutrino physics at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory and a second-generation nucleon decay experiment. In this paper a description of the ICARUS T600 is given, detailing its design specifications, assembly procedures and acceptance tests. Commissioning procedures and results of the technical run are also reported, as well as results from the off-line event reconstruction.

AB - We have constructed and operated the ICARUS T600 liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC). The ICARUS T600 detector is the largest LAr TPC ever built, with a size of about 500 tons of fully imaging mass. The design and assembly of the detector relied on industrial support and represents the applications of concepts matured in laboratory tests to the kton scale. The ICARUS T600 was commissioned for a technical run that lasted about 3 months. During this period all the detector features were extensively tested with an exposure to cosmic-rays at surface with a resulting data collection of about 30000 events. The detector was developed as the first element of a modular design. Thanks to the concept of modularity, it will be possible to realize a detector with several ktons active mass, to act as an observatory for astroparticle and neutrino physics at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory and a second-generation nucleon decay experiment. In this paper a description of the ICARUS T600 is given, detailing its design specifications, assembly procedures and acceptance tests. Commissioning procedures and results of the technical run are also reported, as well as results from the off-line event reconstruction.

KW - Calorimetry

KW - Liquid Argon

KW - Neutrino interaction

KW - Nucleon decay

KW - TPC

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=9544229179&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=9544229179&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.044

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:9544229179

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 527

SP - 329

EP - 410

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

IS - 3

ER -

Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector

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