@inproceedings{f18d1b978eae4a42a6d215eeaf2cfe0b,
title = "Direct Visual and Haptic Volume Rendering of Medical Data Sets for an Immersive Exploration in Virtual Reality",
abstract = "Visual examination of volumetric medical data sets in virtual reality offers an intuitive and immersive experience. To further increase the realism of virtual environments, haptic feedback can be added. Such systems can help students to gain anatomical knowledge or surgeons to prepare for specific interventions. In this work, we present a method for direct visual and haptic rendering of volumetric medical data sets in virtual reality. This method guarantees a continuous force field and does not rely on any mesh or surface generation. Using a transfer function, we mapped computed tomography voxel intensities to color and opacity values and then visualized the anatomical structures using a direct volume rendering approach. A continuous haptic force field was generated based on a conservative potential field computed from the voxel opacities. In a path following experiment, we showed that the deviation from a reference path on the surface of the rendered anatomical structure decreased with the added haptic feedback. This system demonstrates an immersive exploration of anatomy and is a step towards patient-specific surgical planning and simulation.",
keywords = "CT, Haptic rendering, Human-robot interaction, Medical simulation, Surgical planning",
author = "Bal{\'a}zs Faludi and Zoller, {Esther I.} and Nicolas Gerig and Azhar Zam and Georg Rauter and Cattin, {Philippe C.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.; 22nd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2019 ; Conference date: 13-10-2019 Through 17-10-2019",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-32254-0_4",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9783030322533",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "29--37",
editor = "Dinggang Shen and Pew-Thian Yap and Tianming Liu and Peters, {Terry M.} and Ali Khan and Staib, {Lawrence H.} and Caroline Essert and Sean Zhou",
booktitle = "Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2019 - 22nd International Conference, Proceedings",
address = "Germany",
}