TY - JOUR
T1 - Directional Radio Propagation Path Loss Models for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Networks in the 28-, 60-, and 73-GHz Bands
AU - Sulyman, Ahmed Iyanda
AU - Alwarafy, Abdulmalik
AU - MacCartney, George R.
AU - Rappaport, Theodore S.
AU - Alsanie, Abdulhameed
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Award Number 14-ELE871-02, in part by the GAANN Fellowship Program, and in part by the Three National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant 1320472, Grant 1302336, and Grant 1555332.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 IEEE.
PY - 2016/10
Y1 - 2016/10
N2 - Fifth-generation (5G) cellular systems are likely to operate in the centimeter-wave (3-30 GHz) and millimeter-wave (30-300 GHz) frequency bands, where a vast amount of underutilized bandwidth exists world-wide. To assist in the research and development of these emerging wireless systems, a myriad of measurement studies have been conducted to characterize path loss in urban environments at these frequencies. The standard theoretical free space (FS) and Stanford University Interim (SUI) empirical path loss models were recently modified to fit path loss models obtained from measurements performed at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, using simple correction factors. In this paper, we provide similar correction factors for models at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. By imparting slope correction factors on the FS and SUI path loss models to closely match the close-in (CI) free space reference distance path loss models, millimeter-wave path loss can be accurately estimated (with popular models) for 5G cellular planning at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. Additionally, new millimeter-wave beam combining path loss models are provided at 28 GHz and 73 GHz by considering the simultaneous combination of signals from multiple antenna pointing directions between the transmitter and receiver that result in the strongest received power. Such directional channel models are important for future adaptive array systems at millimeter-wave frequencies.
AB - Fifth-generation (5G) cellular systems are likely to operate in the centimeter-wave (3-30 GHz) and millimeter-wave (30-300 GHz) frequency bands, where a vast amount of underutilized bandwidth exists world-wide. To assist in the research and development of these emerging wireless systems, a myriad of measurement studies have been conducted to characterize path loss in urban environments at these frequencies. The standard theoretical free space (FS) and Stanford University Interim (SUI) empirical path loss models were recently modified to fit path loss models obtained from measurements performed at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, using simple correction factors. In this paper, we provide similar correction factors for models at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. By imparting slope correction factors on the FS and SUI path loss models to closely match the close-in (CI) free space reference distance path loss models, millimeter-wave path loss can be accurately estimated (with popular models) for 5G cellular planning at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. Additionally, new millimeter-wave beam combining path loss models are provided at 28 GHz and 73 GHz by considering the simultaneous combination of signals from multiple antenna pointing directions between the transmitter and receiver that result in the strongest received power. Such directional channel models are important for future adaptive array systems at millimeter-wave frequencies.
KW - 5G cellular
KW - Radio propagation
KW - SUI
KW - beam combining
KW - close-in free space reference distance
KW - millimeter-wave
KW - path loss
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U2 - 10.1109/TWC.2016.2594067
DO - 10.1109/TWC.2016.2594067
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84994524441
VL - 15
SP - 6939
EP - 6947
JO - IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
JF - IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
SN - 1536-1276
IS - 10
M1 - 7522613
ER -