TY - GEN
T1 - Dissecting web latency in Ghana
AU - Zaki, Yasir
AU - Chen, Jay
AU - Pötsch, Thomas
AU - Ahmad, Talal
AU - Subramanian, Lakshminarayanan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2014 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. (ACM).
PY - 2014/11/5
Y1 - 2014/11/5
N2 - Web access is prohibitively slow in many developing regions despite substantial effort to increase bandwidth and network penetration. In this paper, we explore the fundamental bot- Tlenecks that cause poor web performance from a client's perspective by carefully dissecting webpage load latency con- Tributors in Ghana. Based on our measurements from 2012 to 2014, we find several interesting issues that arise due to the increasing complexity of web pages and number of server redirections required to completely render the assets of a page. We observe that, rather than bandwidth, the primary bottleneck of web performance in Ghana is the lack of good DNS servers and caching infrastructure. The main bottle- necks are: (a) Recursive DNS query resolutions; (b) HTTP redirections; (c) TLS/SSL handshakes. We experiment with a range of well-known end-to-end latency optimizations and find that simple DNS caching, redirection caching, and the use of SPDY can all yield substantial improvements to user- perceived latency.
AB - Web access is prohibitively slow in many developing regions despite substantial effort to increase bandwidth and network penetration. In this paper, we explore the fundamental bot- Tlenecks that cause poor web performance from a client's perspective by carefully dissecting webpage load latency con- Tributors in Ghana. Based on our measurements from 2012 to 2014, we find several interesting issues that arise due to the increasing complexity of web pages and number of server redirections required to completely render the assets of a page. We observe that, rather than bandwidth, the primary bottleneck of web performance in Ghana is the lack of good DNS servers and caching infrastructure. The main bottle- necks are: (a) Recursive DNS query resolutions; (b) HTTP redirections; (c) TLS/SSL handshakes. We experiment with a range of well-known end-to-end latency optimizations and find that simple DNS caching, redirection caching, and the use of SPDY can all yield substantial improvements to user- perceived latency.
KW - DNS
KW - Developing countries
KW - HAR
KW - Web
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84910131533&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84910131533&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/2663716.2663748
DO - 10.1145/2663716.2663748
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84910131533
T3 - Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC
SP - 241
EP - 247
BT - IMC 2014 - Proceedings of the 2014 ACM
PB - Association for Computing Machinery
T2 - 2014 ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2014
Y2 - 5 November 2014 through 7 November 2014
ER -