Diverse demands and resources among racially/ethnically diverse caregivers

Robin L. Whitney; Janice F. Bell; Tina R. Kilaberia; Benjamin M. Link; Rita B. Choula; Susan C. Reinhard; Heather M. Young

doi:10.1080/13557858.2023.2179022

Diverse demands and resources among racially/ethnically diverse caregivers

Robin L. Whitney, Janice F. Bell, Tina R. Kilaberia, Benjamin M. Link, Rita B. Choula, Susan C. Reinhard, Heather M. Young

Social Work

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Abstract

Objectives: The family caregiver population in the US is growing in conjunction with greater numbers of older adults with serious illness and complex care needs, and is becoming increasingly diverse. This study described and compared resources, demands, and health outcomes among diverse family caregivers by race/ethnicity. Design: This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of nationally representative data collected for Black/African-American, Asian American & Pacific Islander, Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers (n = 2,010) in the Home Alone Revisited Study. We described available resources (e.g. income, paid help, social support) and demands (e.g. medical/nursing task performance) by racial/ethnic group. Using survey-weighted logistic regression, we examined relationships of resources and demands with caregiver outcomes (i.e. heath status; strain; depressive symptoms) by race-ethnicity controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results: Distribution of resources and demands was similar by race/ethnicity, except for higher income for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Nearly half assisted with personal care (47.5%) or medical/nursing tasks (49.7%). Higher social support and satisfaction with social relationships was associated with positive health outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity, while income was consistently associated with positive health outcomes only for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Medical/nursing task performance was significantly associated with negative health outcomes for Asian American & Pacific Islanders in multivariable models. Discussion: Many caregiving demands and tasks are similar by race/ethnicity and represent considerable investment of time, energy and care. Differences in the effects of resources and demands by race/ethnicity should be explored in future research as they may have implications for assessment and planning of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	912-931
Number of pages	20
Journal	Ethnicity and Health
Volume	28
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2023.2179022
State	Published - 2023

Keywords

Caregiving
demands
race/ethnic diversity
resources

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cultural Studies
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Access to Document

10.1080/13557858.2023.2179022

Cite this

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title = "Diverse demands and resources among racially/ethnically diverse caregivers",

abstract = "Objectives: The family caregiver population in the US is growing in conjunction with greater numbers of older adults with serious illness and complex care needs, and is becoming increasingly diverse. This study described and compared resources, demands, and health outcomes among diverse family caregivers by race/ethnicity. Design: This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of nationally representative data collected for Black/African-American, Asian American & Pacific Islander, Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers (n = 2,010) in the Home Alone Revisited Study. We described available resources (e.g. income, paid help, social support) and demands (e.g. medical/nursing task performance) by racial/ethnic group. Using survey-weighted logistic regression, we examined relationships of resources and demands with caregiver outcomes (i.e. heath status; strain; depressive symptoms) by race-ethnicity controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results: Distribution of resources and demands was similar by race/ethnicity, except for higher income for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Nearly half assisted with personal care (47.5%) or medical/nursing tasks (49.7%). Higher social support and satisfaction with social relationships was associated with positive health outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity, while income was consistently associated with positive health outcomes only for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Medical/nursing task performance was significantly associated with negative health outcomes for Asian American & Pacific Islanders in multivariable models. Discussion: Many caregiving demands and tasks are similar by race/ethnicity and represent considerable investment of time, energy and care. Differences in the effects of resources and demands by race/ethnicity should be explored in future research as they may have implications for assessment and planning of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.",

keywords = "Caregiving, demands, race/ethnic diversity, resources",

author = "Whitney, {Robin L.} and Bell, {Janice F.} and Kilaberia, {Tina R.} and Link, {Benjamin M.} and Choula, {Rita B.} and Reinhard, {Susan C.} and Young, {Heather M.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Family Caregiving Institute at the University of California, Davis through grants from the AARP Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We also gratefully acknowledge the John A. Hartford Foundation, which supported the original Home Alone Revisited Study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1080/13557858.2023.2179022",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "28",

pages = "912--931",

journal = "Ethnicity and Health",

issn = "1355-7858",

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T1 - Diverse demands and resources among racially/ethnically diverse caregivers

AU - Whitney, Robin L.

AU - Bell, Janice F.

AU - Kilaberia, Tina R.

AU - Link, Benjamin M.

AU - Choula, Rita B.

AU - Reinhard, Susan C.

AU - Young, Heather M.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Family Caregiving Institute at the University of California, Davis through grants from the AARP Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We also gratefully acknowledge the John A. Hartford Foundation, which supported the original Home Alone Revisited Study. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Objectives: The family caregiver population in the US is growing in conjunction with greater numbers of older adults with serious illness and complex care needs, and is becoming increasingly diverse. This study described and compared resources, demands, and health outcomes among diverse family caregivers by race/ethnicity. Design: This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of nationally representative data collected for Black/African-American, Asian American & Pacific Islander, Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers (n = 2,010) in the Home Alone Revisited Study. We described available resources (e.g. income, paid help, social support) and demands (e.g. medical/nursing task performance) by racial/ethnic group. Using survey-weighted logistic regression, we examined relationships of resources and demands with caregiver outcomes (i.e. heath status; strain; depressive symptoms) by race-ethnicity controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results: Distribution of resources and demands was similar by race/ethnicity, except for higher income for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Nearly half assisted with personal care (47.5%) or medical/nursing tasks (49.7%). Higher social support and satisfaction with social relationships was associated with positive health outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity, while income was consistently associated with positive health outcomes only for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Medical/nursing task performance was significantly associated with negative health outcomes for Asian American & Pacific Islanders in multivariable models. Discussion: Many caregiving demands and tasks are similar by race/ethnicity and represent considerable investment of time, energy and care. Differences in the effects of resources and demands by race/ethnicity should be explored in future research as they may have implications for assessment and planning of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.

AB - Objectives: The family caregiver population in the US is growing in conjunction with greater numbers of older adults with serious illness and complex care needs, and is becoming increasingly diverse. This study described and compared resources, demands, and health outcomes among diverse family caregivers by race/ethnicity. Design: This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of nationally representative data collected for Black/African-American, Asian American & Pacific Islander, Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers (n = 2,010) in the Home Alone Revisited Study. We described available resources (e.g. income, paid help, social support) and demands (e.g. medical/nursing task performance) by racial/ethnic group. Using survey-weighted logistic regression, we examined relationships of resources and demands with caregiver outcomes (i.e. heath status; strain; depressive symptoms) by race-ethnicity controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results: Distribution of resources and demands was similar by race/ethnicity, except for higher income for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Nearly half assisted with personal care (47.5%) or medical/nursing tasks (49.7%). Higher social support and satisfaction with social relationships was associated with positive health outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity, while income was consistently associated with positive health outcomes only for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Medical/nursing task performance was significantly associated with negative health outcomes for Asian American & Pacific Islanders in multivariable models. Discussion: Many caregiving demands and tasks are similar by race/ethnicity and represent considerable investment of time, energy and care. Differences in the effects of resources and demands by race/ethnicity should be explored in future research as they may have implications for assessment and planning of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.

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Diverse demands and resources among racially/ethnically diverse caregivers

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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