Does Mindfulness Improve Intergroup Bias, Internalized Bias, and Anti-Bias Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence and Agenda for Future Research

Doris F. Chang, James Donald, Jennifer Whitney, Iris Yi Miao, Baljinder Sahdra

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Whereas mindfulness has been shown to enhance personal well-being, studies suggest it may also benefit intergroup dynamics. Using an integrative conceptual model, this meta-analysis examined associations between mindfulness and (a) different manifestations of bias (implicit/explicit attitudes, affect, behavior) directed toward (b) different bias targets (outgroup or ingroup, e.g., internalized bias), by (c) intergroup orientation (toward bias or anti-bias). Of 70 samples, 42 (N = 3,229) assessed mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and 30 (N = 6,002) were correlational studies. Results showed a medium-sized negative effect of MBIs on bias outcomes, g = −0.56, 95% confidence interval [−0.72, −0.40]; I(2;3)2: 0.39; 0.48, and a small-to-medium negative effect between mindfulness and bias for correlational studies, r = −0.17 [−0.27, −0.03]; I(2;3)2: 0.11; 0.83. Effects were comparable for intergroup bias and internalized bias. We conclude by identifying gaps in the evidence base to guide future research.

Original languageEnglish (US)
JournalPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin
DOIs
StateAccepted/In press - 2023

Keywords

  • bias
  • mindfulness
  • prejudice
  • social justice

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Social Psychology

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