Effectiveness of the direct supervision system of correctional design and management: A review of the literature

The direct supervision system of correctional management and design was first used in adult detention facilities in 1974. Since then, it has been adopted by hundreds of prisons and jails and accepted as best practice by professional associations and accrediting organizations in corrections. Research assessing its success has taken the form of detailed case studies, comparisons among different facilities, and comparisons within the same facility or system over time. Overall, reports have been consistent in finding that direct supervision has led to reduced assaults and other serious incidents, and lower costs. Findings on the quality of working environments for staff are positive but mixed. Methodological issues and recommendations for future research are considered.