TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of different sterilization methods on surface characteristics and biofilm formation on zirconia in vitro
AU - Han, Aifang
AU - Tsoi, James K.H.
AU - Matinlinna, Jukka P.
AU - Zhang, Yu
AU - Chen, Zhuofan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was done in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy for AH at the Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Part of the results of this paper has been presented at the 2016 IADR General Session, Seoul, South Korea. YZ would like to thank the United States National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (Grant Nos. R01DE017925 and R01DE026772) and the International Congress of Oral Implantologists (Implant Dentistry Research and Education Foundation Grant) for their support.
Funding Information:
This work was done in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy for AH at the Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Part of the results of this paper has been presented at the 2016 IADR General Session, Seoul, South Korea. YZ would like to thank the United States National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (Grant Nos. R01DE017925 and R01DE026772 ) and the International Congress of Oral Implantologists (Implant Dentistry Research and Education Foundation Grant) for their support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - Objective: The current laboratory study was to investigate the effect of different sterilization treatments on surface characteristics of zirconia, and biofilm formation on zirconia surface after exposure to these sterilization treatments. Methods: Commercially available zirconia discs (Cerconbase, Degu-Dent, Hanau, Germany) were prepared and polished to the same value of surface roughness. The discs were treated with one of the following sterilization methods steam autoclave sterilization, dry heat sterilization, ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation, and gamma (γ) ray irradiation. The characteristics of zirconia surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Then, Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) bacteria were used and cultured on the respective sterilized zirconia surfaces. The amount of biofilm formation on zirconia surface was quantified by colony forming unit (CFU) counts. Results: Significant modifications were detected on the colour and SFE of zirconia. The colour of zirconia samples after UVC irradiation became light yellow whilst dark brown colour was observed after gamma ray irradiation. Moreover, UVC and gamma ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface. Overall, dry heat sterilized samples showed the significantly lowest amount of bacteria growth on zirconia, while UVC and gamma ray irradiation resulted in the highest. Significance: It is evident that various sterilization methods could change the surface which contribute to different biofilm formation and colour on zirconia.
AB - Objective: The current laboratory study was to investigate the effect of different sterilization treatments on surface characteristics of zirconia, and biofilm formation on zirconia surface after exposure to these sterilization treatments. Methods: Commercially available zirconia discs (Cerconbase, Degu-Dent, Hanau, Germany) were prepared and polished to the same value of surface roughness. The discs were treated with one of the following sterilization methods steam autoclave sterilization, dry heat sterilization, ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation, and gamma (γ) ray irradiation. The characteristics of zirconia surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Then, Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) bacteria were used and cultured on the respective sterilized zirconia surfaces. The amount of biofilm formation on zirconia surface was quantified by colony forming unit (CFU) counts. Results: Significant modifications were detected on the colour and SFE of zirconia. The colour of zirconia samples after UVC irradiation became light yellow whilst dark brown colour was observed after gamma ray irradiation. Moreover, UVC and gamma ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface. Overall, dry heat sterilized samples showed the significantly lowest amount of bacteria growth on zirconia, while UVC and gamma ray irradiation resulted in the highest. Significance: It is evident that various sterilization methods could change the surface which contribute to different biofilm formation and colour on zirconia.
KW - Bacteria
KW - Colour
KW - Gamma ray
KW - Sterilization methods
KW - UV
KW - Zirconia
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U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.012
DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 29183674
AN - SCOPUS:85034864287
SN - 0109-5641
VL - 34
SP - 272
EP - 281
JO - Dental Materials
JF - Dental Materials
IS - 2
ER -