TY - JOUR
T1 - Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)
T2 - What Nurses Need to Know
AU - Essenmacher, Carol
AU - Naegle, Madeline
AU - Baird, Carolyn
AU - Vest, Bridgette
AU - Spielmann, Rene
AU - Smith-East, Marie
AU - Powers, Leigh
N1 - Funding Information:
Used in embalming fluid. Classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and as a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. EPA.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, © The Author(s) 2017.
PY - 2018/3/1
Y1 - 2018/3/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Efforts to decrease adverse effects of tobacco use are affected by emergence of new nicotine delivery products. Advertising, product promotion, and social media promote use of these products, yet a lack of evidence regarding safety leaves nurses unprepared to counsel patients. OBJECTIVES: To critically evaluate current research, reviews of literature, expert opinion, and stakeholder policy proposals on use and safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). DESIGN: A targeted examination of literature generated by key stakeholders and subject matter experts was conducted using key words, modified by risk factors, and limited to the past 8 years. RESULTS: Current knowledge gaps in research literature and practice implications of the literature are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The safety of ENDS is questionable and unclear. There are clear health risks of nicotine exposure to developing brains. Potential health risks of ENDS secondhand emissions exposure exist. Using ENDS to facilitate total tobacco cessation is not proven.
AB - BACKGROUND: Efforts to decrease adverse effects of tobacco use are affected by emergence of new nicotine delivery products. Advertising, product promotion, and social media promote use of these products, yet a lack of evidence regarding safety leaves nurses unprepared to counsel patients. OBJECTIVES: To critically evaluate current research, reviews of literature, expert opinion, and stakeholder policy proposals on use and safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). DESIGN: A targeted examination of literature generated by key stakeholders and subject matter experts was conducted using key words, modified by risk factors, and limited to the past 8 years. RESULTS: Current knowledge gaps in research literature and practice implications of the literature are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The safety of ENDS is questionable and unclear. There are clear health risks of nicotine exposure to developing brains. Potential health risks of ENDS secondhand emissions exposure exist. Using ENDS to facilitate total tobacco cessation is not proven.
KW - ENDS
KW - e-cigarettes
KW - electronic nicotine delivery systems
KW - vapes
KW - vaporizers
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U2 - 10.1177/1078390317733802
DO - 10.1177/1078390317733802
M3 - Article
C2 - 29199521
AN - SCOPUS:85044407616
SN - 1078-3903
VL - 24
SP - 145
EP - 152
JO - Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
JF - Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
IS - 2
ER -