TY - JOUR
T1 - Elevated Cytokine Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis
AU - Nunez, Natali
AU - Erdogan, Ozge
AU - Casey, Sharon M.
AU - Hernandez, Reinaldo
AU - Tan, Summer
AU - Gibbs, Jennifer L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Both authors contributed equally to this work. We would like to thank the dental students and postgraduate residents who helped with recruitment and data collection. This research was supported by the American Association of Endodontists , Foundation for Endodontics. The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.
Funding Information:
Both authors contributed equally to this work. We would like to thank the dental students and postgraduate residents who helped with recruitment and data collection. This research was supported by the American Association of Endodontists, Foundation for Endodontics. The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Association of Endodontists
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Introduction: Biomarkers assayed from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are a potential tool for endodontic diagnosis and for monitoring treatment response. This cross-sectional study measured cytokines in GCF from teeth with apical periodontitis and evaluated their relationship with preoperative pain and other clinical findings. Methods: Participants presenting for root-end resection surgery due to apical periodontitis diagnosis (n = 56) underwent standardized clinical testing and completed preoperative questionnaires. GCF from diseased and control teeth were collected, processed, and analyzed. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to examine the cytokine levels in diseased compared to healthy control teeth. We also assessed the relationship of cytokine levels with clinical findings. Results: Interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) were detected in GCF. TNF-⍺ levels were significantly higher in GCF collected from diseased versus control teeth (P = .02) and increased IL-1β levels in diseased teeth were detected (P = .06). Lower IL-10 levels were observed in teeth with a sinus tract and/or swelling compared to teeth without a sinus tract and/or swelling (P = .08). Cytokine levels did not clearly relate to the presence of pain. Conclusions: Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-⍺ and IL1- β, were detected in GCF from diseased teeth compared to the healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the utility of these biomarkers for objectively evaluating periradicular pathology.
AB - Introduction: Biomarkers assayed from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are a potential tool for endodontic diagnosis and for monitoring treatment response. This cross-sectional study measured cytokines in GCF from teeth with apical periodontitis and evaluated their relationship with preoperative pain and other clinical findings. Methods: Participants presenting for root-end resection surgery due to apical periodontitis diagnosis (n = 56) underwent standardized clinical testing and completed preoperative questionnaires. GCF from diseased and control teeth were collected, processed, and analyzed. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to examine the cytokine levels in diseased compared to healthy control teeth. We also assessed the relationship of cytokine levels with clinical findings. Results: Interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) were detected in GCF. TNF-⍺ levels were significantly higher in GCF collected from diseased versus control teeth (P = .02) and increased IL-1β levels in diseased teeth were detected (P = .06). Lower IL-10 levels were observed in teeth with a sinus tract and/or swelling compared to teeth without a sinus tract and/or swelling (P = .08). Cytokine levels did not clearly relate to the presence of pain. Conclusions: Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-⍺ and IL1- β, were detected in GCF from diseased teeth compared to the healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the utility of these biomarkers for objectively evaluating periradicular pathology.
KW - Apical periodontitis
KW - biomarkers
KW - cytokines
KW - gingival crevicular fluid
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U2 - 10.1016/j.joen.2023.03.010
DO - 10.1016/j.joen.2023.03.010
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85152548718
SN - 0099-2399
VL - 49
SP - 657
EP - 663
JO - Journal of endodontics
JF - Journal of endodontics
IS - 6
ER -