TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy balance but not competitive environment corresponds with allostatic load during development in an Old World monkey
AU - Thompson, Nicole A.
AU - Higham, James P.
AU - Heistermann, Michael
AU - Vogel, Erin
AU - Cords, Marina
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding to NAT was provided by the Leakey Foundation (PG 007662), the Animal Behavior Society , and the American Society of Primatologists . Funding to MC was provided by Columbia University , the Leakey Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation and National Science Foundation ( SBR 95-23623 , BCS 98-08273 , 05–54747 , 10-2847 , DGE 09-66166 ) and AAAS-WISC . Funding to Erin Vogel for urinary C-peptide analysis equipment was provided by Rutgers University .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Primates develop slowly relative to their body size, a pattern posited to result from ecological risk aversion. Little is known, however, about how energy balance contributes to allostatic load in juveniles. Using data collected over 8 consecutive months, we examined variation in energy balance (as measured by urinary C-peptide) and how energy balance, life history status, and social competition related to allostatic load (as measured by deviation from baseline fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, dfGCs) in 41 wild juvenile blue monkeys from 3 social groups. Juvenile energy balance was higher among females, when ripe fruit was more available, and when rainfall was lower. Energy balance, but not life history or competitive environments, predicted dfGC concentrations, such that juveniles generally had lower mean dfGCs when they had higher energy balance. An additional exploratory analysis of how dfGCs relate to social strategies revealed that subjects had lower dfGCs when they groomed less, and played more. Time spent grooming interacted with energy balance in predicting dfGC concentrations, so that individuals that groomed more actually had higher dfGCs when they had higher energy balance. Together these results reveal that energetic deficiencies are a true ecological risk factor in blue monkeys, and suggest that navigating the social environment via overt affiliative behavior is potentially both a stress-relieving and stress-inducing endeavor during development.
AB - Primates develop slowly relative to their body size, a pattern posited to result from ecological risk aversion. Little is known, however, about how energy balance contributes to allostatic load in juveniles. Using data collected over 8 consecutive months, we examined variation in energy balance (as measured by urinary C-peptide) and how energy balance, life history status, and social competition related to allostatic load (as measured by deviation from baseline fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, dfGCs) in 41 wild juvenile blue monkeys from 3 social groups. Juvenile energy balance was higher among females, when ripe fruit was more available, and when rainfall was lower. Energy balance, but not life history or competitive environments, predicted dfGC concentrations, such that juveniles generally had lower mean dfGCs when they had higher energy balance. An additional exploratory analysis of how dfGCs relate to social strategies revealed that subjects had lower dfGCs when they groomed less, and played more. Time spent grooming interacted with energy balance in predicting dfGC concentrations, so that individuals that groomed more actually had higher dfGCs when they had higher energy balance. Together these results reveal that energetic deficiencies are a true ecological risk factor in blue monkeys, and suggest that navigating the social environment via overt affiliative behavior is potentially both a stress-relieving and stress-inducing endeavor during development.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.014
DO - 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 30597140
AN - SCOPUS:85059366934
SN - 0018-506X
VL - 108
SP - 30
EP - 41
JO - Hormones and Behavior
JF - Hormones and Behavior
ER -