TY - JOUR
T1 - Epigenetic Regulation and Measurement of Epigenetic Changes
AU - Stephens, Kimberly E.
AU - Miaskowski, Christine A.
AU - Levine, Jon D.
AU - Pullinger, Clive R.
AU - Aouizerat, Bradley E.
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: Kimberly Stephens is supported by an institutional training grant (T32 NR07088) from the National Institute of Nursing Research. Dr. Aouizerat was funded through the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research Grant (K12RR023262). Drs. Miaskowski, Aouizerat, and Levine are supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Miaskowski is supported by a grant from the American Cancer Society.
PY - 2013/10
Y1 - 2013/10
N2 - Epigenetic mechanisms provide an adaptive layer of control in the regulation of gene expression that enables an organism to adjust to a changing environment. Epigenetic regulation increases the functional complexity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by altering chromatin structure, nuclear organization, and transcript stability. These changes may additively or synergistically influence gene expression and result in long-term molecular and functional consequences independent of the DNA sequence that may ultimately define an individual's phenotype. This article (1) describes histone modification, DNA methylation, and expression of small noncoding RNA species; (2) reviews the most common methods used to measure these epigenetic changes; and (3) presents factors that need to be considered when choosing a specific tissue to evaluate for epigenetic changes.
AB - Epigenetic mechanisms provide an adaptive layer of control in the regulation of gene expression that enables an organism to adjust to a changing environment. Epigenetic regulation increases the functional complexity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by altering chromatin structure, nuclear organization, and transcript stability. These changes may additively or synergistically influence gene expression and result in long-term molecular and functional consequences independent of the DNA sequence that may ultimately define an individual's phenotype. This article (1) describes histone modification, DNA methylation, and expression of small noncoding RNA species; (2) reviews the most common methods used to measure these epigenetic changes; and (3) presents factors that need to be considered when choosing a specific tissue to evaluate for epigenetic changes.
KW - DNA methylation
KW - epigenetics
KW - histone modification
KW - small untranslated RNA
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U2 - 10.1177/1099800412444785
DO - 10.1177/1099800412444785
M3 - Article
C2 - 22661641
AN - SCOPUS:84884140651
SN - 1099-8004
VL - 15
SP - 373
EP - 381
JO - Biological Research for Nursing
JF - Biological Research for Nursing
IS - 4
ER -