TY - JOUR
T1 - Ethnic and gender differences in advanced glycation end products measured by skin auto-fluorescence
AU - Mook-Kanamori, Marjonneke J.
AU - El-Din Selim, Mohammed M.
AU - Takiddin, Ahmed H.
AU - Al-Homsi, Hala
AU - Al-Mahmoud, Khoulood A.S.
AU - Al-Obaidli, Amina
AU - Zirie, Mahmoud A.
AU - Rowe, Jillian
AU - Gherbi, Wafaa Sekkal
AU - Chidiac, Omar M.
AU - Kader, Sara Abdul
AU - Muftah, Wadha A.Al
AU - McKeon, Cindy
AU - Suhre, Karsten
AU - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/4
Y1 - 2013/4
N2 - Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular risk in Caucasian subjects. In this study we examine whether the existing reference values are useable for non-Caucasian ethnicities. Furthermore, we assessed whether gender and smoking affect AGEs. Methods: AGEs were determined by a non-invasive method of skin auto-fluorescence (AF). AF was measured in 200 Arabs, 99 South Asians, 35 Filipinos and 14 subjects of other/mixed ethnicity in the Qatar Metabolomics Study on Diabetes (QMDiab). Using multivariate linear regression analysis and adjusting for age and type 2 diabetes, we assessed whether ethnicity, gender and smoking were associated with AF. Results: The mean AF was 2.27 arbitrary units (AU) (SD: 0.63). Arabs and Filipinos had a significant higher AF than the South Asian population (0.25 arbitrary units (AU) (95% CI: 0.11*0.39), p = 0.001 and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.13*0.55), p = 0.001 respectively). Also, AF was significantly higher in females (0.41 AU (95% CI: 0.29*0.53), p 0.001). AF associated with smoking (0.21 AU (95% CI: 0.01*0.41), p = 0.04) and increased with the number of pack-years smoked (p = 0.02). Conclusions: This study suggests that the existing reference values should take ethnicity, gender and smoking into account. Larger studies in specific ethnicities are necessary to create ethnic-and gender-specific reference values.
AB - Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular risk in Caucasian subjects. In this study we examine whether the existing reference values are useable for non-Caucasian ethnicities. Furthermore, we assessed whether gender and smoking affect AGEs. Methods: AGEs were determined by a non-invasive method of skin auto-fluorescence (AF). AF was measured in 200 Arabs, 99 South Asians, 35 Filipinos and 14 subjects of other/mixed ethnicity in the Qatar Metabolomics Study on Diabetes (QMDiab). Using multivariate linear regression analysis and adjusting for age and type 2 diabetes, we assessed whether ethnicity, gender and smoking were associated with AF. Results: The mean AF was 2.27 arbitrary units (AU) (SD: 0.63). Arabs and Filipinos had a significant higher AF than the South Asian population (0.25 arbitrary units (AU) (95% CI: 0.11*0.39), p = 0.001 and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.13*0.55), p = 0.001 respectively). Also, AF was significantly higher in females (0.41 AU (95% CI: 0.29*0.53), p 0.001). AF associated with smoking (0.21 AU (95% CI: 0.01*0.41), p = 0.04) and increased with the number of pack-years smoked (p = 0.02). Conclusions: This study suggests that the existing reference values should take ethnicity, gender and smoking into account. Larger studies in specific ethnicities are necessary to create ethnic-and gender-specific reference values.
KW - Advanced glycation endproducts
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Ethnicity
KW - Gender differences
KW - Skin auto-fluorescence
KW - Smoking
KW - Type 2 diabetes
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U2 - 10.4161/derm.26046
DO - 10.4161/derm.26046
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84885146048
SN - 1938-1972
VL - 5
SP - 325
EP - 330
JO - Dermato-Endocrinology
JF - Dermato-Endocrinology
IS - 2
ER -