Fault Analysis-Based Logic Encryption

Jeyavijayan Rajendran, Huan Zhang, Chi Zhang, Garrett S. Rose, Youngok Pino, Ozgur Sinanoglu, Ramesh Karri

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) design industry is making it easy for rogue elements in the supply chain to pirate ICs, overbuild ICs, and insert hardware Trojans. Due to supply chain attacks, the IC industry is losing approximately $4 billion annually. One way to protect ICs from these attacks is to encrypt the design by inserting additional gates such that correct outputs are produced only when specific inputs are applied to these gates. The state-of-the-art logic encryption technique inserts gates randomly into the design, but does not necessarily ensure that wrong keys corrupt the outputs. Our technique ensures that wrong keys corrupt the outputs. We relate logic encryption to fault propagation analysis in IC testing and develop a fault analysis-based logic encryption technique. This technique enables a designer to controllably corrupt the outputs. Specifically, to maximize the ambiguity for an attacker, this technique targets 50% Hamming distance between the correct and wrong outputs (ideal case) when a wrong key is applied. Furthermore, this 50% Hamming distance target is achieved using a smaller number of additional gates when compared to random logic encryption.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number6616532
Pages (from-to)410-424
Number of pages15
JournalIEEE Transactions on Computers
Volume64
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2015

Keywords

  • Automatic test pattern generation
  • IC piracy
  • IP piracy
  • combinational logic circuit
  • hardware security
  • integrated circuit testing
  • logic obfuscation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Software
  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • Hardware and Architecture
  • Computational Theory and Mathematics

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