Fractional anisotropy distributions in 2- to 6-year-old children with autism

C. Cascio, M. Gribbin, S. Gouttard, R. G. Smith, M. Jomier, S. Field, M. Graves, H. C. Hazlett, K. Muller, G. Gerig, J. Piven

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    Background Increasing evidence suggests that autism is a disorder of distributed neural networks that may exhibit abnormal developmental trajectories. Characterisation of white matter early in the developmental course of the disorder is critical to understanding these aberrant trajectories. Methods A cross-sectional study of 2- to 6-year-old children with autism was conducted using diffusion tensor imaging combined with a novel statistical approach employing fractional anisotropy distributions. Fifty-eight children aged 18-79 months were imaged: 33 were diagnosed with autism, 8 with general developmental delay, and 17 were typically developing. Fractional anisotropy values within global white matter, cortical lobes and the cerebellum were measured and transformed to random F distributions for each subject. Each distribution of values for a region was summarised by estimating δ, the estimated mean and standard deviation of the approximating F for each distribution. Results The estimated δ parameter, , was significantly decreased in individuals with autism compared to the combined control group. This was true in all cortical lobes, as well as in the cerebellum, but differences were most robust in the temporal lobe. Predicted developmental trajectories of across the age range in the sample showed patterns that partially distinguished the groups. Exploratory analyses suggested that the variability, rather than the central tendency, component of was the driving force behind these results. Conclusions While preliminary, our results suggest white matter in young children with autism may be abnormally homogeneous, which may reflect poorly organised or differentiated pathways, particularly in the temporal lobe, which is important for social and emotional cognition.

    Original languageEnglish (US)
    Pages (from-to)1037-1049
    Number of pages13
    JournalJournal of Intellectual Disability Research
    Volume57
    Issue number11
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Nov 2013

    Keywords

    • Autism
    • Brain
    • Developmental
    • Diffusion tensor imaging
    • Fractional anisotropy
    • White matter

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Rehabilitation
    • Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Neurology
    • Psychiatry and Mental health

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