@article{a52a4262a14946a8b4e7ded325728195,
title = "Gahvora cradling in Tajikistan: Cultural practices and associations with motor development",
abstract = "In Tajikistan, infants are bound supine in a “gahvora” cradle that severely restricts movement. Does cradling affect motor development and body growth? In three studies (2013–2018), we investigated associations between time in the gahvora (within days and across age) and motor skills and flattened head dimensions in 8–24-month-old Tajik infants (N = 269, 133 girls, 136 boys)) and 4.3–5.1-year-old children (N = 91, 53 girls, 38 boys). Infants had later motor onset ages relative to World Health Organization standards and pronounced brachycephaly; cradling predicted walk onset age and the proficiency of sitting, crawling, and walking. By 4–5 years, children's motor skills were comparable with US norms. Cultural differences in early experiences offer a unique lens onto developmental processes and equifinality in development.",
author = "Karasik, {Lana B.} and Adolph, {Karen E.} and Fernandes, {Sara N.} and Robinson, {Scott R.} and Tamis-LeMonda, {Catherine S.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by NSF Grant DLS‐1349044 and 1528831 to LBK, CTL, and KEA, NICHD R01HD033486 to KEA, and by UNICEF and Save the Children. We gratefully acknowledge Ms. Rano Dodojonova, Dr. Gulchehra Boboeva, and Dr. Zoir N. Nabiev for their help with recruitment, data collection, and insights on the work, and Gladys Chan for her beautiful line drawings of the gahvora. We thank the infants and caregivers who participated and undergraduate researchers at the College of Staten Island Culture & Development Lab and New York University Infant Action Lab for assistance with video coding. Funding Information: This research was supported by NSF Grant DLS-1349044 and 1528831 to LBK, CTL, and KEA, NICHD R01HD033486 to KEA, and by UNICEF and Save the Children. We gratefully acknowledge Ms. Rano Dodojonova, Dr. Gulchehra Boboeva, and Dr. Zoir N. Nabiev for their help with recruitment, data collection, and insights on the work, and Gladys Chan for her beautiful line drawings of the gahvora. We thank the infants and caregivers who participated and undergraduate researchers at the College of Staten Island Culture & Development Lab and New York University Infant Action Lab for assistance with video coding. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Child Development {\textcopyright} 2023 Society for Research in Child Development.",
year = "2023",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/cdev.13919",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "94",
pages = "1049--1067",
journal = "Child development",
issn = "0009-3920",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "4",
}